The applications of linked list data structure is a fundamental concept in computer science. A linked list is a linear data structure where elements (nodes) are connected using pointers rather than stored in a contiguous memory location like array does. This dynamic nature of linked list data structure makes it flexible and good to use especially in efficient insertion and deletion operations.
Unlike array data structure, linked lists don’t require a fixed size that make them ideal for the memory management and scenarios where data size changes frequently. There are different types of linked lists including singly linked lists, doubly linked lists, as well as circular linked lists.
Due to their efficiency, applications of linked list data structure span across operating systems, database file management, and even real-time applications like music players and web browsers too. In this blog we will be covering the top 10 applications of linked list data structure. So Let’s deep dive into the applications of linked list data structure and understand them more.
What is linked list in data structure ?
A linked list data structure is like a chain where each part (called a node) is connected to the next one. Think of it as a train where each coach is linked to the next coach. Unlike an array data structure, where everything is stored in a straight line in one place, a linked list keeps its parts in different places and connects them with links called pointers.
Each node in a linked list has two things:
- Data – This is the actual information (like a number or word).
- Pointer – This is like an address that tells where the next node is.
There are three main types of linked lists:
- Singly Linked List – Each node points to the next one but not back. It moves in one direction.
- Doubly Linked List – Each node points both forward and backward, making it easier to move in both directions.
- Circular Linked List – The last node connects back to the first, forming a loop.
Applications of Linked List Data Structure
In this blog we will be covering top 10 applications of linked list data structure that are listed below:
Dynamic Memory Allocation
Dynamic Memory Allocation is one of the key application of linked list, where memory is assigned at run-time instead of compile time. Unlike arrays, which actually requires a fixed size, a linked list dynamically allocates and deallocates memory as needed, preventing wastage.
Applications of linked list data structure in memory management including tracking free and allocated memory blocks in operating systems. Since linked lists store elements in different locations and use pointers for connections, they ensure efficient memory usage. This flexibility allows efficient insertion and deletion operations, making linked lists important for dynamic memory allocation.
Implementation of Stacks and Queues
One of the most useful and important applications of linked list is making stacks and queues, which help store and manage data. A stack is like a stack of plates, where you can only add or remove the top element. This follows the LIFO structure (Last In, First Out), meaning the last thing you put in is the first thing you take out. A queue is like a ticket counter line, where the first person in line goes first, following FIFO (just opposite of using stacks).
In applications of linked list data structure ,stacks and queues are better than arrays because linked lists don’t need a fixed size. With arrays, you have to decide the size before using them, and making them bigger is hard. But with a linked list, you can add or remove elements whenever you want, making it more flexible.
In a linked list-based stack, new elements go on top, and you take them off from the top. In a linked list-based queue, new elements go at the back, and you remove them from the front. This makes the application of linked list very useful in things like job scheduling, managing memory, and handling tasks in real-time.
Graph Representations (Adjacency List)
One more important application of linked list is in representing graphs using an adjacency list. A graph is like a network of cities connected by roads. Instead of using a big table (matrix) to store connections, an adjacency list prefers to use linked lists to store only the necessary links as well as saving memory.
Each node in the graph has a list of neighbors, making it easy to find connections. This is useful in maps, social networks, and recommendation systems. Since applications of linked list data structure help in handling dynamic connections, adjacency lists are the best way to store large graphs efficiently.
Undo/Redo Functionality in Editors
Undo / Redo functionality is the coolest applications of linked list data structure. When you type something and press undo, the editor or user goes back to the previous state. If you press the Redo option, it moves forward again. A doubly linked list data structure executes this process that lets you move backward and forward easily.
Browser History Management
Another useful application of linked list in front of us is browser history management. When you visit a website, your browser saves it in history. You can press Back and go to the previous page or forward to move ahead. This works using a doubly linked list, where each page is a node connected to the previous and next pages like the original linked list structure does.
Music and Video Playlists
Music and video playlists are another important application of linked list. When you play songs or videos in order, you can go to the next or previous one easily. This works using a doubly linked list, where each song or video is a node connected to the one before and after it.
Since applications of linked list data structure allows smooth movement in directions. You can shuffle, repeat or skip tracks without issues. This makes the playlist work efficiently without needing a fixed size. Application of linked list helps media players manage songs and videos easily.
Hash Tables (Chaining for Collision handling)
One important application of linked list is in hash tables, especially for handling collisions. When two pieces of data end up in the same spot (called a collision), a linked list helps by storing both items in a list.
When we talk about the structure of a hash table then each location is like a box, and when multiple items are stored in the same box we need linked list data structure to keep them in order.
Operating System Process Handling
Operating system process handling is another application of linked list where each process is like a task that needs to be managed. These processes are stored in a linked list to keep a track of which one is running, waiting process or finished process. Applications of linked list data structure help the operating system run multiple processes without confusion, making task management smooth and fast.
Polynomial Manipulation in Mathematics
One interesting application of linked list is in polynomial manipulation in mathematics. A polynomial is like a math equation with terms (like 9x² + 8x + 10). Each term can be represented as a node in a linked list, where the coefficient (number) and exponent (power of x) are stored. Using a linked list helps in performing operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication of polynomials. When you add or multiply polynomials, the linked list makes it easier to manage each term and combine them. Since applications of linked list data structure allow efficient handling of data, they make polynomial manipulation much smoother and faster.
File System Directory Structure
One useful application of linked list is in organizing file system directory structures. Each folder or file can be a node in a linked list, with links connecting files and subfolders. This helps navigate and manage files efficiently, making it easy to add, remove, or search for files.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the applications of linked list data structure are vast and valuable in major fields like memory management, data handling, and real-time systems. Whether it’s for managing stacks, queues, graphs or even file systems. Their ability to manage data in an organized manner makes them a very useful and essential tool in computer science and programming.