CAT 2023 Slot 2 Question Paper With Solution | VARC, LRDI, QA

Explanation:

The author of the passage critiques Deneen's conclusions for various reasons but not for Option 3: "its repeated harking back to premodern notions of liberty." The passage actually acknowledges that "He is also right to assert that the world has much to learn from the premodern notions of liberty as self-mastery and self-denial." This acknowledgment suggests that the author doesn't fault Deneen for looking back to premodern notions of liberty; in fact, it's seen as a valid point. Therefore, Option 3 is the exception among the listed reasons and is not a fault found by the author in Deneen's conclusions.
The other options represent faults found by the author in Deneen's conclusions:
Option 1: The author faults Deneen for having a very narrow definition of liberalism limited to individual freedoms. The passage mentions Deneen's fixation on the essence of liberalism and critiques his narrow interpretation.
Option 2: The author faults Deneen for failing to note historical instances in which liberalism has managed to reverse itself. The passage references how reformers within the liberal tradition have previously addressed problems similar to those seen today.
Option 4: The author faults Deneen for his extreme pessimism about the future of liberalism and predictions of its ultimate decline. The passage suggests that the best way to read "Why Liberalism Failed" is as a call to action rather than a funeral oration.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

The author of the passage refers to "the Davos elite" to illustrate his views on Option 1: the hypocrisy of the liberal rich, who profess to subscribe to liberal values while cornering most of the wealth. The passage mentions the vision of "1,000 private planes whisking their occupants to Davos to discuss the question of 'creating a shared future in a fragmented world,'" suggesting a contradiction between the expressed liberal values of sharing and unity and the elite's behavior, which involves exclusive and luxurious modes of travel. This imagery serves to highlight the gap between the professed ideals and the actual practices of the wealthy and powerful, embodying the hypocrisy of those who may outwardly support liberal values while simultaneously engaging in and benefiting from practices that are contrary to those values.
The other options don't align as closely with the author's use of "the Davos elite":
Option 2: This suggests a specific condition for the return to liberalism, which isn't the primary focus of the Davos elite mention.
Option 3: This implies a positive outcome of liberalism leading to greater interest from various social classes, which is not the context provided by the Davos reference.
Option 4: While the passage does critique the elite, the specific mention of the Davos elite is more directly linked to illustrating the hypocrisy in their behavior rather than a broader capture of the debate by the rich.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

The author of the passage is likely to agree with Option 2: liberalism was the dominant ideal in the past century, but it had to reform itself to remain so. This statement aligns with the author's discussion of liberalism's ability to reform itself. The passage specifically mentions historical instances, such as the late 19th century in America, where liberalism faced challenges akin to those it faces today. It highlights how a variety of reformers within the liberal tradition, including Theodore Roosevelt and university reformers, tackled these problems head-on, leading to the revitalization and continuation of liberalism. This acknowledgment of liberalism's historical adaptability and resilience suggests that the author would agree with the statement that liberalism needed to reform itself to remain dominant.
The author is likely to disagree with the other statements because:
Option 1: The passage suggests that liberalism has historically faced and overcome challenges, implying that it may not be a dying ideal but rather one capable of reform and renewal. The author points out liberalism's adaptability rather than advocating for finding a new substitute.
Option 3: While the author acknowledges criticisms of liberalism, they also point out its adaptability and the diverse range of ideas within the liberal tradition. The author seems to suggest that while liberalism faces challenges, it is not disintegrating as claimed by some critics.
Option 4: The passage critiques the narrow definition of liberalism as solely about individual freedoms and suggests that such a view oversimplifies the range of intellectual traditions within liberalism. The author emphasizes the diversity and complexity of liberalism, likely disagreeing with a reductionist view of its essence.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Option 4, "And technological advances are reducing ever more areas of work into meaningless drudgery," is the correct choice as the statement that does not directly serve as evidence of the decline of liberalism today. This statement addresses a consequence of technological advances on the nature of work, indicating a shift toward more drudgery and less meaningful employment. While this might be a concern within liberal societies and could reflect broader socio-economic trends, it isn't specifically an indictment of liberal ideology or philosophy itself. It doesn't directly critique the principles of liberalism or suggest a failure of liberal policies or ideals, unlike the other options which point more directly to perceived failures or contradictions within liberalism itself.
The other options are more directly indicative of the decline of liberalism:
Option 1: Suggests that liberalism's promises are far removed from the actual experiences of people, indicating a failure or shortfall in liberal ideals.
Option 2: Indicates a perceived degradation of democratic processes, suggesting a failure in one of the key mechanisms of liberal societies.
Option 3: Discusses the rise of a business aristocracy and vast companies, which could be seen as resulting from or contributing to inequalities in liberal societies, reflecting a possible failure in addressing economic disparities within the framework of liberalism.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

Based on the information provided in the passage, the statement Option 3: "Netflix has been able to transform itself into a truly European entity" is not supported and is the exception. While the passage discusses Netflix's significant investment in European productions and its ability to offer content in multiple languages, it also highlights that the ultimate decisions rest with American executives and that Netflix's content sometimes lacks specific cultural references, making it less "European" in nature. The passage mentions Netflix's imperial model of commissioning and its shift towards having offices across Europe, but it implies that despite these changes, the core decision-making and some aspects of content production are still very much American. This suggests that while Netflix is making strides in European markets and content, it hasn't fully transformed into a truly European entity.
The other options are supported by the passage:
Option 1: The passage states that about 75% of Netflix’s original content was American in 2015, but now the figure is half. This supports the statement that only half of Netflix’s original programming in the EU is now produced in America.
Option 2: The passage indicates that national broadcasters still dominate in terms of total television viewing hours, even in markets where streaming services are well-established.
Option 4: The passage references shows like “Lupin,” a French production, becoming global hits, indicating that European television productions have the potential to become popular worldwide.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

The author sees the rise of Netflix in Europe as Option 2: a unifying force. The passage discusses how Netflix and similar companies facilitate European integration by pumping the same content into homes across the continent, making culture a cross-border endeavor. The author mentions that if Europeans are to share various aspects of life, such as a currency, financial support, and vaccines, they also need something in common, "even if it is just bingeing on the same series." This suggests that the author views the spread of Netflix as a factor contributing to a shared cultural experience, which can help unify people across different European nations.
The other options don't align with the author's perspective as described in the passage:
Option 1: While the passage does mention concerns about "cultural sovereignty" and the prospect of Netflix as a cultural hegemon, the overall tone regarding Netflix's influence is not predominantly negative or fearful. The author instead highlights the positive aspect of integration facilitated by such platforms.
Option 3: The passage doesn't specifically frame Netflix's rise as merely filling an entertainment gap; rather, it focuses on the broader cultural and integrative impact of the platform.
Option 4: The economic aspect is not the main focus of the passage when discussing Netflix's rise. While there are mentions of European executives worried about the Americans eating their lunch, the overarching view of Netflix is more about its cultural and unifying role than an economic threat.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Based only on the information provided in the passage, the hypothetical Netflix show most likely to be successful with audiences across the EU would be Option 2: A murder mystery drama set in North Africa and France. The passage mentions that whodunits (another term for murder mysteries) have a more universal appeal and are among the genres that work well across borders. The inclusion of settings in North Africa and France also suggests a cross-cultural narrative that might appeal to a diverse European audience familiar with both regions. This aligns with the passage's discussion of content that has the potential to become global hits, as seen with "Lupin," a French crime caper.
The other options don't directly align with the passage's suggestions about successful content:
Option 1: While a German TV science fiction production could be appealing, the passage doesn't specifically mention science fiction as a universally appealing genre.
Option 3: An Italian comedy show might face challenges, as the passage notes that comedy sometimes struggles across borders due to varying cultural nuances in humor.
Option 4: A trans-Atlantic romantic drama could be appealing, but the passage doesn't specifically highlight romance as a universally successful genre like it does for murder mysteries.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Option 3: "Research shows there is a wide variance in the popularity and viewing of Netflix shows across different EU countries" would weaken the author's conclusion in the final paragraph. The author concludes that Netflix and similar companies are serving as a unifying force in Europe by providing shared cultural content. If research indicates that there's a wide variance in the popularity and viewing habits of Netflix shows across different EU countries, it suggests that the platform might not be as effective in creating a shared cultural experience as the author suggests. This variance would imply that the content is not uniformly appealing or unifying across the continent, thus weakening the author's assertion about the unifying impact of Netflix in Europe.
The other options don't directly weaken the author's conclusion about Netflix serving as a unifying cultural force:
Option 1: While losing market share might suggest competitive challenges for Netflix, it doesn't directly address the unifying cultural impact of the content it provides.
Option 2: Popularity of French Netflix hits with North American audiences might reinforce the global appeal of some European productions but doesn't negate the unifying force within Europe.
Option 4: Different preferences among demographic groups within the EU might illustrate diversity in tastes but don't necessarily weaken the argument about cross-border cultural unification.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Based on the passage, the opposite of fast fashion, 'slow fashion,' would most likely refer to clothes that are Option 2: of high quality and long lasting. The passage discusses the destructive environmental impact of fast fashion and suggests that buying high-quality items that shed less and last longer is a way to combat microfibre pollution and reduce garment waste in landfills. This indicates an emphasis on sustainability and durability as key characteristics of an alternative to fast fashion, which aligns with the idea of "slow fashion" focusing on quality, longevity, and reduced environmental impact.
The other options, while related to environmental concerns, are not as directly tied to the concept of slow fashion as presented in the passage:
Option 1: While reducing microfibre shedding is an environmental benefit, the passage doesn't specifically associate it with the broader concept of slow fashion.
Option 3: Genuine vintage stores are mentioned in the context of second-hand shopping, but the passage doesn't explicitly equate them with the entire concept of slow fashion.
Option 4: While preventing the release of toxins and dyes is an environmental benefit, the passage focuses more on the longevity and quality of clothing as the counter to fast fashion rather than solely on the absence of harmful substances.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

According to the author, companies like ThredUP have not caught on in the UK for all the following reasons EXCEPT that Option 1: the British don’t buy second-hand clothing. The passage doesn't say that the British don't buy second-hand clothing. In fact, it discusses the popularity of "thrifting" and the presence of second-hand or 'vintage' shops across London, indicating that there is indeed a market for second-hand clothing in the UK.
The other options are supported by the passage as reasons for the lack of popularity of companies like ThredUP:
Option 2: Luxury brands want to maintain their brand image. The passage mentions that luxury brands would rather not circulate their latest season stock around the globe to be sold at a cheaper price, implying a concern for maintaining brand image and exclusivity.
Option 3: Recycling is currently not financially attractive for luxury brands. The passage quotes Ben Whitaker mentioning that unless recycling becomes cost-effective and integrates into mass production, luxury brands would prefer brand preservation over sustainability, indicating that the current financial incentives for recycling are lacking.
Option 4: Luxury brands do not like their product to be devalued. This is related to maintaining brand image and exclusivity, as mentioned with the reluctance to circulate goods globally at reduced prices, which could devalue the products.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

The act of "thrifting," as described in the passage, can be considered ironic due to the environmental problems it inadvertently contributes to, as indicated in Option 1: "has created environmental problems." This irony stems from the fact that while thrifting is generally seen as a sustainable practice aimed at reducing the waste and environmental impact associated with fast fashion, it also has its own unintended consequences. Specifically, the passage mentions that older clothes, common in thrifting, tend to shed more microfibres, leading to microfibre pollution in rivers and seas after washing. This environmental issue is particularly ironic because thrifting is advocated for its environmental benefits, yet in some ways, it still contributes to pollution, an issue it aims to mitigate. This contradiction between the intended sustainable nature of thrifting and its potential to exacerbate certain environmental problems represents the irony in this context.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

The central idea of the passage would be undermined if Option 2: second-hand stores sold only high-quality clothes. The passage discusses the benefits of thrifting as a counter to fast fashion, emphasizing the environmental savings and the reduction in waste. However, it also highlights the irony of older clothes shedding more microfibres, contributing to environmental problems. If second-hand stores sold only high-quality clothes that shed less and lasted longer, it would address one of the main concerns raised in the passage about the environmental impact of thrifting due to microfibre pollution. This change would strengthen the sustainability claim of second-hand shopping and reduce the irony of its unintended environmental consequences, thus undermining the passage's discussion of the complexities and unexpected issues associated with thrifting.
The other options don't directly undermine the central idea of the passage:
Option 1: While reducing waste in landfills is a goal of thrifting, the passage focuses on the broader issue of environmental impact and the irony of microfibre pollution. Not throwing and burning clothes in landfills doesn't address the nuanced discussion of thrifting's unintended consequences.
Option 3: Customers buying all their clothes online doesn't directly relate to the environmental impact of thrifting or the irony of microfibre pollution from older clothes.
Option 4: Primark and Boohoo recycling their clothes for vintage stores could potentially support the central idea by contributing to a more sustainable fashion cycle, rather than undermining the complexities and ironies associated with thrifting as discussed in the passage.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

If the author of the passage were to write a book on the Battle of Hastings along the lines of his/her own reasoning, the focus of the historical account would likely be on Option 1: exploring the socio-political and economic factors that led to the Battle. This option aligns with the author's critique of the positivist approach, emphasizing the importance of interpretation, context, and the selection of facts over merely stating the "hard core of facts." The author suggests that the essential function of historians is not just to ascertain basic facts like dates and locations (which are likened to the necessary but not sufficient conditions of architectural materials) but to provide a deeper understanding and interpretation of historical events. This would involve examining broader socio-political and economic factors, as well as possibly the consequences and significance of the battle, in order to provide a richer, more insightful historical account. This approach reflects the author's view that history is not just a collection of objective facts but a selective and interpretative discipline shaped by the historian's decisions about which facts to emphasize and how to contextualize them.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

According to this passage, the statement that best describes the significance of archaeology for historians is Option 3: Archaeology helps historians to ascertain factual accuracy. The passage refers to archaeology as one of the "auxiliary sciences" of history, alongside epigraphy, numismatics, and chronology, which historians rely on to ensure the accuracy of basic facts such as dates and locations. The author emphasizes that while ensuring these factual accuracies is not the historian's essential function, it is a necessary condition of their work. Archaeology, as an auxiliary science, aids historians in establishing these basic facts about the past, providing the groundwork upon which more interpretive and analytical historical work can be built. The passage stresses the need for accuracy in historical work, likening it to an architect using well-seasoned timber or properly mixed concrete, indicating the fundamental role of archaeology in helping historians verify the factual details of historical events.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

The passage's claim that "facts do not speak for themselves" suggests that facts require interpretation and context to have meaning and that the historian's role is crucial in giving facts significance and relevance. Therefore, any statement that supports the idea that facts need interpretation or context would not weaken this claim. Let's examine the options:

Option 1: Facts, like truth, can be relative: what is fact for person X may not be so for person Y.
This option actually supports the claim by suggesting that facts can be seen differently by different people, implying that interpretation is necessary. It does not weaken the claim.
Option 2: The order in which a series of facts is presented does not have any bearing on the production of meaning.
This option would weaken the claim by suggesting that the arrangement or presentation of facts doesn't affect their interpretation or meaning, contrary to the passage's assertion that the historian's selection and arrangement of facts influence opinion.
Option 3: The truth value of a fact is independent of the historian who expresses it.
This option would weaken the claim by suggesting that facts have an inherent truth value regardless of the historian's interpretation, challenging the idea that facts need to be given voice by the historian.
Option 4: A fact, by its very nature, is objective and universal, irrespective of the context in which it is placed.
This option would weaken the claim by asserting the objectivity and universality of facts, suggesting that they do not require interpretation or context for their meaning, contradicting the passage's view.
Based on the above analysis, Option 1 does not weaken the passage's claim that facts do not speak for themselves. In fact, it aligns with the idea that facts are subject to interpretation and context, which is consistent with the passage's argument.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

The passage discusses the common-sense view of history, primarily focusing on the role of facts in historical inquiry. Let's evaluate the options based on how they relate to or deviate from this common-sense view:
Option 1: Only the positivist methods can lead to credible historical knowledge.
The passage does associate positivism with a fact-based approach to history, but it doesn't explicitly state that only positivist methods are credible or that this is part of the common-sense view. The focus is more on the role of facts rather than strictly on positivist methods.
Option 2: History is like science: a selective system of cognitive orientations to reality.
This option does not describe the common-sense view as presented in the passage. The common-sense view is more about the accumulation of ascertained facts and doesn't delve into the idea of history as a selective system of cognitive orientations. This description seems to be more in line with the author's critique or a more nuanced view of history rather than the common-sense view, which is more straightforward and fact-focused.
Option 3: History can be objective like the sciences if it is derived from historical facts.
This option aligns with the common-sense view of history as presented in the passage. It emphasizes the accumulation and derivation of history from facts, suggesting objectivity similar to that in sciences.
Option 4: Real history can be found in ancient engravings and archival documents.
This option aligns with the common-sense view, which holds that history consists of a corpus of ascertained facts available to historians in documents, inscriptions, etc. It suggests that historical knowledge is sourced from tangible, factual evidence.
Based on the above analysis, Option 2 is the correct answer as it does not describe the common-sense view of history according to the passage. The common-sense view is portrayed as straightforward, fact-focused, and somewhat simplistic, not as a selective system of cognitive orientations to reality, which implies a more complex and interpretive approach.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

The sentence "And probably much earlier, moving the documentation for kissing back 1,000 years compared to what was acknowledged in the scientific community." best fits Option 2.
Here's the reasoning:
Before Option 1: The introductory sentence sets up the hypothesis of the earliest evidence of kissing in South Asia 3,500 years ago. Placing the sentence here would be premature because it discusses moving the documentation back further, which should logically come after a reference to existing documentation.
Option 1 to Option 2: The paragraph transitions from the hypothesis about the origin of kissing to specific research by Dr. Arbøll and Dr. Rasmussen, which posits that kissing was already established 4,500 years ago in the Middle East. Placing the sentence here makes sense as it directly follows the mention of this earlier date, emphasizing that the practice may have been even older, effectively pushing back the timeline recognized by the scientific community.
After Option 2: The paragraph continues to discuss the use of cuneiform script in ancient Mesopotamia and the evidence on clay tablets. Placing the sentence here would interrupt the flow of detailing the evidence from ancient Mesopotamia.
After Option 3: This is too far into the specifics of the Mesopotamian evidence and would disrupt the flow of the discussion about the types of relationships that included kissing.
Therefore, placing the sentence in blank 2 provides a smooth transition from discussing the established research to suggesting that the origins of kissing might date back even further, effectively enhancing the narrative about the historical documentation of kissing.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

The sentence "Dualism was long held as the defining feature of developing countries in contrast to developed countries, where frontier technologies and high productivity were assumed to prevail" fits best at Option 2. Here's why:
Before Option 1: The paragraph starts with the idea of 'productive dualism' in development economics, describing the split in poor countries' economies. This is foundational and sets the context.
Option 2: After establishing what 'productive dualism' is, placing the sentence here serves as a historical backdrop, explaining how dualism was traditionally perceived in contrasting developing and developed countries. It directly complements the initial explanation of 'productive dualism' by providing the conventional contrast that has been used to distinguish between developing and developed countries, making it a natural fit after the concept is introduced but before discussing the shift or change in this perception.
Option 3 and Option 4: The later parts of the paragraph discuss how the distinction between developing and advanced economies is no longer relevant and the implications of this shift. Inserting the sentence here would interrupt the progression into discussing current disparities and policy questions.
Therefore, placing the sentence at Option 2 provides a historical context and contrast right after introducing the concept of 'productive dualism', enhancing the narrative about the evolution of economic understanding regarding developing and developed countries. This helps the reader understand the traditional view before moving on to how that view has changed in the current context.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

To form a coherent paragraph, let's look for sentences that connect logically on the topic of book banning and censorship. Here are the sentences in order:

Sentence 4: This sentence sets a specific example of book banning by mentioning the fantasy novel "Northern Lights" and its status in some parts of the US. It establishes a context of discussing banned books.
Sentence 1: This sentence relates directly to Sentence 4 by further discussing the banning of "Northern Lights" and generalizing it as a precursor to broader censoring trends. It extends the specific case to a more general phenomenon.
Sentence 3: Builds on the theme of book banning by stating that the practice has escalated to an unprecedented level in the US, which naturally follows the discussion of trends and precursors.
Sentence 5: Provides data from the American Library Association, supporting the claim made in Sentence 3 about the escalation of book challenges.
These four sentences (4, 1, 3, 5) form a coherent narrative about the practice of book banning, starting from a specific example, discussing its implications, general escalation, and current statistics.
Sentence 2: "Attempts to ban books are attempts to silence authors who have summoned immense courage in telling their stories." While this sentence is related to the theme of book banning, it focuses on the impact on authors and their courage rather than the trend or statistics of book banning. It doesn't directly tie into the specific-to-general escalation narrative formed by the other sentences.
Therefore, Sentence 2 is the odd one out as it diverges in focus and doesn't fit into the coherent progression of the other sentences discussing the trend and data of book banning.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

To form a coherent paragraph, let's look for sentences that logically connect to each other and establish a narrative around the topic of "latchkey children" or "children in self-care." Here are the sentences:
Sentence 2: Introduces the term "Latchkey children," which is essential to setting the context of the discussion. It's a natural starting point.
Sentence 4: Continues from Sentence 2 by explaining how the terminology has evolved to "children in self-care" to better reflect their circumstances, linking directly to the topic introduced in Sentence 2.
Sentence 1: Discusses the consequences of self-care, linking to both "latchkey children" and "children in self-care" by talking about the outcomes of such a situation.
Sentence 5: Adds to the discussion on outcomes by indicating that recent research has found negative consequences, which contradicts what some parents might believe about the benefits of self-care.
These four sentences (2, 4, 1, 5) form a coherent narrative about latchkey children, the evolution of the term, and the associated outcomes based on recent research.
Sentence 3: "Although self-care generally points to negative outcomes, it is important to consider that the bulk of research has yet to track long-term consequences." This sentence introduces a note of caution or a different perspective by suggesting that long-term consequences of self-care have not been fully tracked yet. While it's related to the topic and adds an important nuance, it doesn't fit as neatly into the sequence of the other four sentences, which are more directly focused on defining the term and discussing the known negative outcomes.
Therefore, Sentence 3 is the odd one out as it diverges slightly in focus by introducing the idea of the unknown long-term consequences, which isn't as directly connected to the coherent flow of defining and discussing the outcomes of self-care as established by the other sentences.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:
The proper sequence of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph is 4-1-3-2:
Sentence 4 introduces the concept of human consciousness as an emergent property of the brain, setting the stage for the discussion.
Sentence 1 provides an analogy of ants in a colony to neurons in the brain, emphasizing that like ants, no single neuron contains complex information or consciousness.
Sentence 3 builds on this by explaining that the collection of neurons produces complex human emotions, emphasizing the emergent nature of these properties from simpler elements.
Sentence 2 concludes the paragraph by acknowledging the current understanding of the brain and the agreement among neurobiologists that complex interconnections give rise to emergent qualities.
This sequence (4-1-3-2) logically introduces the concept, provides an analogy and specific example, and then discusses the broader consensus and challenges in understanding the brain's emergent properties.
Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

To form a coherent paragraph, the sentences should be sequenced in a way that introduces the topic and then logically develops and illustrates it. Here's the sequence:
Sentence 4: Introduces the central conflict between Western Christian concepts and indigenous African tradition, setting up the theme of cultural conflict and misunderstanding.
Sentence 3: Provides a contradiction to the Western view, asserting that a rich local African cultural ethos does indeed exist, directly addressing the denial or ignorance mentioned in Sentence 4.
Sentence 2: Introduces Chukwuemeka Ike's exploration of this conflict in his work, providing a specific example of how literature addresses the cultural conflict between Western and African traditions.
Sentence 1: Further illustrates how contemporary African writing, like ‘The Bottled Leopard’, uses storytelling and character contrasts to highlight and explore the cultural dichotomy.
This sequence (4-3-2-1) starts by establishing the broader cultural conflict, then refutes the misconception about African culture, introduces a specific author's approach to this theme, and finally gives an example of how contemporary literature portrays this cultural juxtaposition. This flow provides a clear thematic development from general cultural conflict to specific literary illustration.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

The option that best captures the essence of the passage is Option 1: Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger. This summary encapsulates the two main points of the passage: the increasing risk of heatwaves due to climate change and the uneven impact on vulnerable populations, alongside the crucial role of the media in communicating and potentially mitigating this risk by effectively narrating and warning about extreme heat events.

The other options don't fully capture the passage's emphasis or details:
Option 2: While it mentions the importance of protection and the ineffectiveness of current approaches, it doesn't specifically highlight the media's role in awareness and mitigation, which is a central theme in the passage.
Option 3: This option acknowledges the vulnerability and the ineffectiveness of measures taken but doesn't emphasize the role of media narratives in shaping public perception and response, which is a key aspect discussed in the passage.
Option 4: This option recognizes the importance of news stories in warning about heatwaves but suggests they need to become more effective. While it touches on the media's role, it doesn't fully encapsulate the broader context of climate change, vulnerability, and the existing perception gap among at-risk populations.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

The option that best captures the essence of the passage is Option 2: Counterfactual alternatives to reality are created for a variety of reasons and is part of one's developmental process. This summary effectively encapsulates the passage's main points: the diverse purposes of counterfactual thinking (explaining the past, preparing for the future, implicating relations, modulating emotions, and supporting moral judgments), as well as its role in cognitive development and understanding others' beliefs.

The other options capture parts of the passage but don't encapsulate the full range of counterfactual thinking's roles or its developmental aspect as comprehensively as Option 2:
Option 1: This option focuses on preparing for the future and decision-making, which are indeed functions of counterfactual thinking, but it doesn't encompass the full scope of reasons or the developmental aspect mentioned in the passage.
Option 3: This option highlights the creation of counterfactual alternatives for various reasons, including reasoning about others' beliefs. While accurate, it doesn't address the full range of purposes or the developmental aspect as comprehensively as Option 2.
Option 4: This option suggests that counterfactual thinking helps to reverse actions and reason out false beliefs. While it touches on aspects of counterfactual thinking, it doesn't fully capture the variety of roles or the developmental process outlined in the passage.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation: 

Table 1 gives information regarding the median of the number of coins in the three sacks in a box for some of the boxes
Table 2 - The number against each box represents the number of sacks in that box having more than 5 coins
* => exactly 1 of the below conditions are met
** => 2 or more of the below conditions are met
i) The minimum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 1.
ii) The median of the number of coins in the three sacks is 1.
iii) The maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The 2nd box in the 1st row has 3 sacks and the median of the number of coins in the 3 sacks is 9. Since coins vary from 1 to 9, the 3rd sack must also have 9 coins. The number ‘2’ in Table 2 for that box means 2 boxes have more than 5 coins. => The 1st box must have 3 coins so that the average of 9,9,3 = 7 comes out to be an integer.

For 1st box in the 3rd row, the median is 8, all boxes have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied which can only be that the max coins in a sack are 9. So, for the average to be an integer, coins in the 3 sacks will be 7,8,9. Hence, average = 8.
For 1st box in the 2nd row, the median is 2, and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The median can’t be 1 as it is 2 (given). Hence, min and max coins in the 3 sacks will be 1 and 9 respectively. Therefore, average = (1+9+2)/3 = 4
For 3rd box in the 2nd row, all 3 sacks have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied. That condition can only be maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The minimum sum of coins in the 3 sacks can be 9+6+6 = 21 and max can be 9+9+9 = 27, i.e., the average can be min 7 and max 9. Since averages 7 and 8 are already assigned, only 9 is possible. Hence, 9 is the average of this box.
For 2nd box in the 3rd row, 2 sacks have more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. Since 2 sacks have more than 5 coins, the median cannot be 1. Therefore, one sack has 9 coins, another has 1 coin, and the last one has more than 5 coins. For the average to be an integer, the 3rd sack must have 8 coins. Therefore, average becomes (1+8+9)/3 = 6

Either the 2nd box in the 2nd row or the 3rd box in the 3rd row will have the average number of coins in the 3 sacks as 1 since 0 sacks have more than 5 coins in them. Now, the 2nd box in the 2nd row satisfies only 1 condition. If it had 1,1,1 coins in the 3 sacks, it would have satisfied 2 conditions - min 1 coin and median 1. But since it does not, we conclude that the 3rd box in the 3rd row has 1,1,1 coins and average = 1.

We are left to assign an average of 2,3,5 only now. Average 5 will be for the 3rd box in the 1st row as both the other boxes have less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins and we can’t have an average 5 with less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins.

1st box in the 1st row has 1 sack having more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The condition that 1 sack has 9 coins can’t be true here because if that is true, we will have an average exceeding 3, but we have only 2 and 3 averages left to assign. Hence, one sack has 1 coin and the median is 1 i.e., 1,1,x → x has to be more than 5. It can only be 7, and in that case, the average comes to be 3.
Lastly, the average of 2nd box in the 2nd row will be 2.
The final table of averages looks like this:

The number of coins in each of the 3 sacks of the 9 boxes is:

We also notice that the total number of coins in each row is the same. The total number of coins in each column is also the same.
∴ Total coins in the 3rd row = (8+6+1) x 3 = 45 (because 8,6,1 are the averages of 3 sacks)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation: 

Table 1 gives information regarding the median of the number of coins in the three sacks in a box for some of the boxes
Table 2 - The number against each box represents the number of sacks in that box having more than 5 coins
* => exactly 1 of the below conditions are met
** => 2 or more of the below conditions are met
i) The minimum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 1.
ii) The median of the number of coins in the three sacks is 1.
iii) The maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The 2nd box in the 1st row has 3 sacks and the median of the number of coins in the 3 sacks is 9. Since coins vary from 1 to 9, the 3rd sack must also have 9 coins. The number ‘2’ in Table 2 for that box means 2 boxes have more than 5 coins. => The 1st box must have 3 coins so that the average of 9,9,3 = 7 comes out to be an integer.

For 1st box in the 3rd row, the median is 8, all boxes have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied which can only be that the max coins in a sack are 9. So, for the average to be an integer, coins in the 3 sacks will be 7,8,9. Hence, average = 8.
For 1st box in the 2nd row, the median is 2, and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The median can’t be 1 as it is 2 (given). Hence, min and max coins in the 3 sacks will be 1 and 9 respectively. Therefore, average = (1+9+2)/3 = 4
For 3rd box in the 2nd row, all 3 sacks have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied. That condition can only be maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The minimum sum of coins in the 3 sacks can be 9+6+6 = 21 and max can be 9+9+9 = 27, i.e., the average can be min 7 and max 9. Since averages 7 and 8 are already assigned, only 9 is possible. Hence, 9 is the average of this box.
For 2nd box in the 3rd row, 2 sacks have more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. Since 2 sacks have more than 5 coins, the median cannot be 1. Therefore, one sack has 9 coins, another has 1 coin, and the last one has more than 5 coins. For the average to be an integer, the 3rd sack must have 8 coins. Therefore, average becomes (1+8+9)/3 = 6

Either the 2nd box in the 2nd row or the 3rd box in the 3rd row will have the average number of coins in the 3 sacks as 1 since 0 sacks have more than 5 coins in them. Now, the 2nd box in the 2nd row satisfies only 1 condition. If it had 1,1,1 coins in the 3 sacks, it would have satisfied 2 conditions - min 1 coin and median 1. But since it does not, we conclude that the 3rd box in the 3rd row has 1,1,1 coins and average = 1.

We are left to assign an average of 2,3,5 only now. Average 5 will be for the 3rd box in the 1st row as both the other boxes have less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins and we can’t have an average 5 with less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins.

1st box in the 1st row has 1 sack having more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The condition that 1 sack has 9 coins can’t be true here because if that is true, we will have an average exceeding 3, but we have only 2 and 3 averages left to assign. Hence, one sack has 1 coin and the median is 1 i.e., 1,1,x → x has to be more than 5. It can only be 7, and in that case, the average comes to be 3.
Lastly, the average of 2nd box in the 2nd row will be 2.

The final table of averages looks like this:

The number of coins in each of the 3 sacks of the 9 boxes is:

We also notice that the total number of coins in each row is the same. The total number of coins in each column is also the same.
∴ 5 boxes have at least 1 sack having 9 coins.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation: 

Table 1 gives information regarding the median of the number of coins in the three sacks in a box for some of the boxes
Table 2 - The number against each box represents the number of sacks in that box having more than 5 coins
* => exactly 1 of the below conditions are met
** => 2 or more of the below conditions are met
i) The minimum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 1.
ii) The median of the number of coins in the three sacks is 1.
iii) The maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The 2nd box in the 1st row has 3 sacks and the median of the number of coins in the 3 sacks is 9. Since coins vary from 1 to 9, the 3rd sack must also have 9 coins. The number ‘2’ in Table 2 for that box means 2 boxes have more than 5 coins. => The 1st box must have 3 coins so that the average of 9,9,3 = 7 comes out to be an integer.

For 1st box in the 3rd row, the median is 8, all boxes have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied which can only be that the max coins in a sack are 9. So, for the average to be an integer, coins in the 3 sacks will be 7,8,9. Hence, average = 8.
For 1st box in the 2nd row, the median is 2, and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The median can’t be 1 as it is 2 (given). Hence, min and max coins in the 3 sacks will be 1 and 9 respectively. Therefore, average = (1+9+2)/3 = 4

For 3rd box in the 2nd row, all 3 sacks have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied. That condition can only be maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The minimum sum of coins in the 3 sacks can be 9+6+6 = 21 and max can be 9+9+9 = 27, i.e., the average can be min 7 and max 9. Since averages 7 and 8 are already assigned, only 9 is possible. Hence, 9 is the average of this box.
For 2nd box in the 3rd row, 2 sacks have more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. Since 2 sacks have more than 5 coins, the median cannot be 1.

Therefore, one sack has 9 coins, another has 1 coin, and the last one has more than 5 coins. For the average to be an integer, the 3rd sack must have 8 coins. Therefore, average becomes (1+8+9)/3 = 6

Either the 2nd box in the 2nd row or the 3rd box in the 3rd row will have the average number of coins in the 3 sacks as 1 since 0 sacks have more than 5 coins in them. Now, the 2nd box in the 2nd row satisfies only 1 condition. If it had 1,1,1 coins in the 3 sacks, it would have satisfied 2 conditions - min 1 coin and median 1. But since it does not, we conclude that the 3rd box in the 3rd row has 1,1,1 coins and average = 1.

We are left to assign an average of 2,3,5 only now. Average 5 will be for the 3rd box in the 1st row as both the other boxes have less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins and we can’t have an average 5 with less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins.

1st box in the 1st row has 1 sack having more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The condition that 1 sack has 9 coins can’t be true here because if that is true, we will have an average exceeding 3, but we have only 2 and 3 averages left to assign. Hence, one sack has 1 coin and the median is 1 i.e., 1,1,x → x has to be more than 5. It can only be 7, and in that case, the average comes to be 3.
Lastly, the average of 2nd box in the 2nd row will be 2.

The final table of averages looks like this:

The number of coins in each of the 3 sacks of the 9 boxes is:

We also notice that the total number of coins in each row is the same. The total number of coins in each column is also the same.
∴ Average and the median are same for 4 boxes.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation: 

Table 1 gives information regarding the median of the number of coins in the three sacks in a box for some of the boxes
Table 2 - The number against each box represents the number of sacks in that box having more than 5 coins
* => exactly 1 of the below conditions are met
** => 2 or more of the below conditions are met
i) The minimum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 1.
ii) The median of the number of coins in the three sacks is 1.
iii) The maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.
The 2nd box in the 1st row has 3 sacks and the median of the number of coins in the 3 sacks is 9. Since coins vary from 1 to 9, the 3rd sack must also have 9 coins. The number ‘2’ in Table 2 for that box means 2 boxes have more than 5 coins. => The 1st box must have 3 coins so that the average of 9,9,3 = 7 comes out to be an integer.

For 1st box in the 3rd row, the median is 8, all boxes have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied which can only be that the max coins in a sack are 9. So, for the average to be an integer, coins in the 3 sacks will be 7,8,9. Hence, average = 8.
For 1st box in the 2nd row, the median is 2, and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The median can’t be 1 as it is 2 (given). Hence, min and max coins in the 3 sacks will be 1 and 9 respectively. Therefore, average = (1+9+2)/3 = 4
For 3rd box in the 2nd row, all 3 sacks have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied. That condition can only be maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The minimum sum of coins in the 3 sacks can be 9+6+6 = 21 and max can be 9+9+9 = 27, i.e., the average can be min 7 and max 9. Since averages 7 and 8 are already assigned, only 9 is possible. Hence, 9 is the average of this box.
For 2nd box in the 3rd row, 2 sacks have more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. Since 2 sacks have more than 5 coins, the median cannot be 1

Therefore, one sack has 9 coins, another has 1 coin, and the last one has more than 5 coins. For the average to be an integer, the 3rd sack must have 8 coins. Therefore, average becomes (1+8+9)/3 = 6

Either the 2nd box in the 2nd row or the 3rd box in the 3rd row will have the average number of coins in the 3 sacks as 1 since 0 sacks have more than 5 coins in them. Now, the 2nd box in the 2nd row satisfies only 1 condition. If it had 1,1,1 coins in the 3 sacks, it would have satisfied 2 conditions - min 1 coin and median 1. But since it does not, we conclude that the 3rd box in the 3rd row has 1,1,1 coins and average = 1.

We are left to assign an average of 2,3,5 only now. Average 5 will be for the 3rd box in the 1st row as both the other boxes have less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins and we can’t have an average 5 with less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins.

1st box in the 1st row has 1 sack having more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The condition that 1 sack has 9 coins can’t be true here because if that is true, we will have an average exceeding 3, but we have only 2 and 3 averages left to assign. Hence, one sack has 1 coin and the median is 1 i.e., 1,1,x → x has to be more than 5. It can only be 7, and in that case, the average comes to be 3.
Lastly, the average of 2nd box in the 2nd row will be 2.

The final table of averages looks like this:

The number of coins in each of the 3 sacks of the 9 boxes is:

We also notice that the total number of coins in each row is the same. The total number of coins in each column is also the same.

∴ Average and the median are same for 4 boxes.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

Table 1 gives information regarding the median of the number of coins in the three sacks in a box for some of the boxes
Table 2 - The number against each box represents the number of sacks in that box having more than 5 coins
* => exactly 1 of the below conditions are met
** => 2 or more of the below conditions are met
i) The minimum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 1.
ii) The median of the number of coins in the three sacks is 1.
iii) The maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.
The 2nd box in the 1st row has 3 sacks and the median of the number of coins in the 3 sacks is 9. Since coins vary from 1 to 9, the 3rd sack must also have 9 coins. The number ‘2’ in Table 2 for that box means 2 boxes have more than 5 coins. => The 1st box must have 3 coins so that the average of 9,9,3 = 7 comes out to be an integer.

For 1st box in the 3rd row, the median is 8, all boxes have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied which can only be that the max coins in a sack are 9. So, for the average to be an integer, coins in the 3 sacks will be 7,8,9. Hence, average = 8.
For 1st box in the 2nd row, the median is 2, and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The median can’t be 1 as it is 2 (given). Hence, min and max coins in the 3 sacks will be 1 and 9 respectively. Therefore, average = (1+9+2)/3 = 4

For 3rd box in the 2nd row, all 3 sacks have more than 5 coins, and 1 condition is satisfied. That condition can only be maximum among the number of coins in the three sacks in the box is 9.

The minimum sum of coins in the 3 sacks can be 9+6+6 = 21 and max can be 9+9+9 = 27, i.e., the average can be min 7 and max 9. Since averages 7 and 8 are already assigned, only 9 is possible. Hence, 9 is the average of this box.
For 2nd box in the 3rd row, 2 sacks have more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. Since 2 sacks have more than 5 coins, the median cannot be 1. Therefore, one sack has 9 coins, another has 1 coin, and the last one has more than 5 coins. For the average to be an integer, the 3rd sack must have 8 coins. Therefore, average becomes (1+8+9)/3 = 6

Either the 2nd box in the 2nd row or the 3rd box in the 3rd row will have the average number of coins in the 3 sacks as 1 since 0 sacks have more than 5 coins in them. Now, the 2nd box in the 2nd row satisfies only 1 condition. If it had 1,1,1 coins in the 3 sacks, it would have satisfied 2 conditions - min 1 coin and median 1. But since it does not, we conclude that the 3rd box in the 3rd row has 1,1,1 coins and average = 1.

We are left to assign an average of 2,3,5 only now. Average 5 will be for the 3rd box in the 1st row as both the other boxes have less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins and we can’t have an average 5 with less than 2 sacks having more than 5 coins.

1st box in the 1st row has 1 sack having more than 5 coins and 2 or more conditions are satisfied. The condition that 1 sack has 9 coins can’t be true here because if that is true, we will have an average exceeding 3, but we have only 2 and 3 averages left to assign. Hence, one sack has 1 coin and the median is 1 i.e., 1,1,x → x has to be more than 5. It can only be 7, and in that case, the average comes to be 3.
Lastly, the average of 2nd box in the 2nd row will be 2.

The final table of averages looks like this:

The number of coins in each of the 3 sacks of the 9 boxes is:

We also notice that the total number of coins in each row is the same. The total number of coins in each column is also the same.
∴ In 5 boxes, all 3 sacks have different numbers of coins.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation: 

- Each firm raised Rs. 1 crore in its first and last year of existence
- The amount each firm raised every year increased until it reached a maximum, and then decreased until the firm closed down
- Each annual increase and decrease was either by Rs. 1 crore or by Rs. 2 crores.

We will denote the 5 firms by A,B,C,D,E

A: Raised 1 cr in 2009 and 2016. In the 6 years in between, it raised 19 cr..
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 5 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1
These are the two possibilities.

B: Raised 1 cr each in 2012 and 2015

C: Raised 1 cr in 2013 and raised 8 cr more before closing down
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility.

D: raised 1 crore each in 2011 and 2015. In the 3 years between, it raised 8 cr
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility considering the constraints.

E: Raised 1 cr in 2010 and 12 cr after that before closing down.
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 3 –> 5 –> 3 –> 1
These are the three possibilities.

∴ Amounts raised by only Czechy and Drjbna can be concluded with certainty in each year.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation: 

- Each firm raised Rs. 1 crore in its first and last year of existence
- The amount each firm raised every year increased until it reached a maximum, and then decreased until the firm closed down
- Each annual increase and decrease was either by Rs. 1 crore or by Rs. 2 crores.

We will denote the 5 firms by A,B,C,D,E

A: Raised 1 cr in 2009 and 2016. In the 6 years in between, it raised 19 cr..
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 5 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1
These are the two possibilities.

B: Raised 1 cr each in 2012 and 2015

C: Raised 1 cr in 2013 and raised 8 cr more before closing down
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility.

D: raised 1 crore each in 2011 and 2015. In the 3 years between, it raised 8 cr
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility considering the constraints.

E: Raised 1 cr in 2010 and 12 cr after that before closing down.
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 3 –> 5 –> 3 –> 1
These are the three possibilities.
In 2015:
A raised 2 cr in 2015
B and D closed down in 2015. So, they must have raised 1 cr each that year.
We know C raised 3 cr in 2015.
E could have raised 0 or 1 cr in 2015
∴ Total amount raised in 2015 = 2+1+3+1+(0/1) = 7 or 8 cr

Correct Answer is C

Explanation: 

- Each firm raised Rs. 1 crore in its first and last year of existence
- The amount each firm raised every year increased until it reached a maximum, and then decreased until the firm closed down
- Each annual increase and decrease was either by Rs. 1 crore or by Rs. 2 crores.

We will denote the 5 firms by A,B,C,D,E

A: Raised 1 cr in 2009 and 2016. In the 6 years in between, it raised 19 cr..
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 5 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1
These are the two possibilities.

B: Raised 1 cr each in 2012 and 2015

C: Raised 1 cr in 2013 and raised 8 cr more before closing down
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility.

D: raised 1 crore each in 2011 and 2015. In the 3 years between, it raised 8 cr
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility considering the constraints.

E: Raised 1 cr in 2010 and 12 cr after that before closing down.
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 3 –> 5 –> 3 –> 1
These are the three possibilities.
∴ The largest possible total amount of money that could have been raised in 2013 = 5(A) + 3(B) + 1(C) + 4(D) + 4(E) = 17 cr

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

- Each firm raised Rs. 1 crore in its first and last year of existence
- The amount each firm raised every year increased until it reached a maximum, and then decreased until the firm closed down
- Each annual increase and decrease was either by Rs. 1 crore or by Rs. 2 crores.

We will denote the 5 firms by A,B,C,D,E

A: Raised 1 cr in 2009 and 2016. In the 6 years in between, it raised 19 cr..
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 5 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1
These are the two possibilities.

B: Raised 1 cr each in 2012 and 2015

C: Raised 1 cr in 2013 and raised 8 cr more before closing down
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility.

D: raised 1 crore each in 2011 and 2015. In the 3 years between, it raised 8 cr
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility considering the constraints.

E: Raised 1 cr in 2010 and 12 cr after that before closing down.
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 3 –> 5 –> 3 –> 1
These are the three possibilities.
According to this question, E raised 3 crore in 2013.
∴ Minimum possible total amount of money that could have been raised by all the companies in 2012 = 4(A) + 1(B) + 0(C) + 2(D) + 4(E) = 11 cr

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

- Each firm raised Rs. 1 crore in its first and last year of existence
- The amount each firm raised every year increased until it reached a maximum, and then decreased until the firm closed down
- Each annual increase and decrease was either by Rs. 1 crore or by Rs. 2 crores.

We will denote the 5 firms by A,B,C,D,E

A: Raised 1 cr in 2009 and 2016. In the 6 years in between, it raised 19 cr..
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 5 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1
These are the two possibilities.

B: Raised 1 cr each in 2012 and 2015

C: Raised 1 cr in 2013 and raised 8 cr more before closing down
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility.

D: raised 1 crore each in 2011 and 2015. In the 3 years between, it raised 8 cr
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1 is the only possibility considering the constraints.

E: Raised 1 cr in 2010 and 12 cr after that before closing down.
1 –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 2 –> 1,
1 –> 3 –> 5 –> 3 –> 1
These are the three possibilities.
Acc. to the question, total money raised in 2014 = Rs. 12 cr i.e., 3(A), 3(B), 2(C), 2(D), 2(E)
E raised 3/4 cr in 2013
B can raise a maximum of 2 cr in 2013 as it has raised 3 cr in 2014 and the amount raised in two consecutive years cannot be the same.

∴ The first statement is false.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

A,B,C visited an entertainment park - 4 rides
Ride 1,2,4 : 9 AM - 5 PM
Ride 3 : 9 AM - 1 PM
Ride gates open every 30 minutes, each ride lasts 1 hour.
Ticket prices: Ride 1 - Rs. 20, Ride 2 - Rs. 50, Ride 3 - Rs. 30, Ride 4 - Rs. 40
Each of the three visitors took at least one ride and did not necessarily take all rides.
None of them took the same ride more than once

1. Chitra never waited in the queue and completed her visit by 11 am after spending Rs. 50 to pay for the ticket(s).
2. Anjali took Ride-1 at 11 am after waiting for 30 mins for Chitra to complete it. It was the only ride where Anjali waited.
3. Bipasha began her first of three rides at 11:30 am. All three visitors incurred the same amount of ticket expense by 12:15 pm.
4. The last ride taken by Anjali and Bipasha was the same, where Bipasha waited 30 mins for Anjali to complete her ride. Before standing in the queue for that ride, Bipasha took a 1-hour coffee break after completing her previous ride.

C completed her visit by 11 AM after spending Rs. 50, and A waited for C to complete Ride 1 till 11 AM.
=> C took Ride 3 from 9-10 AM and Ride 1 from 10-11 AM

Since all 3 visitors incurred the same expense by 12:15 PM, that expense must be Rs. 50 as C had already taken all her rides by then.

Further, B began her first ride at 11:30 AM which would have gone till 12:30 PM, hence this ride must be Ride 2 which has Rs. 50 ticket.

Now, A would have taken Ride 3 from 12-1 PM as only then she would have spent 20+30 = Rs. 50 by 12:15 PM.

We have the following table now:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

∴ Total money spent by B = 20+50+40 = Rs. 110

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

A,B,C visited an entertainment park - 4 rides
Ride 1,2,4 : 9 AM - 5 PM
Ride 3 : 9 AM - 1 PM
Ride gates open every 30 minutes, each ride lasts 1 hour.
Ticket prices: Ride 1 - Rs. 20, Ride 2 - Rs. 50, Ride 3 - Rs. 30, Ride 4 - Rs. 40
Each of the three visitors took at least one ride and did not necessarily take all rides.
None of them took the same ride more than once

1. Chitra never waited in the queue and completed her visit by 11 am after spending Rs. 50 to pay for the ticket(s).
2. Anjali took Ride-1 at 11 am after waiting for 30 mins for Chitra to complete it. It was the only ride where Anjali waited.
3. Bipasha began her first of three rides at 11:30 am. All three visitors incurred the same amount of ticket expense by 12:15 pm.
4. The last ride taken by Anjali and Bipasha was the same, where Bipasha waited 30 mins for Anjali to complete her ride. Before standing in the queue for that ride, Bipasha took a 1-hour coffee break after completing her previous ride.

C completed her visit by 11 AM after spending Rs. 50, and A waited for C to complete Ride 1 till 11 AM.
=> C took Ride 3 from 9-10 AM and Ride 1 from 10-11 AM

Since all 3 visitors incurred the same expense by 12:15 PM, that expense must be Rs. 50 as C had already taken all her rides by then.

Further, B began her first ride at 11:30 AM which would have gone till 12:30 PM, hence this ride must be Ride 2 which has Rs. 50 ticket.

Now, A would have taken Ride 3 from 12-1 PM as only then she would have spent 20+30 = Rs. 50 by 12:15 PM.

We have the following table now:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

∴ Anjali completed Ride 1, Ride 2 and Ride 3 by 2 PM

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

A,B,C visited an entertainment park - 4 rides
Ride 1,2,4 : 9 AM - 5 PM
Ride 3 : 9 AM - 1 PM
Ride gates open every 30 minutes, each ride lasts 1 hour.
Ticket prices: Ride 1 - Rs. 20, Ride 2 - Rs. 50, Ride 3 - Rs. 30, Ride 4 - Rs. 40
Each of the three visitors took at least one ride and did not necessarily take all rides.
None of them took the same ride more than once

1. Chitra never waited in the queue and completed her visit by 11 am after spending Rs. 50 to pay for the ticket(s).
2. Anjali took Ride-1 at 11 am after waiting for 30 mins for Chitra to complete it. It was the only ride where Anjali waited.
3. Bipasha began her first of three rides at 11:30 am. All three visitors incurred the same amount of ticket expense by 12:15 pm.
4. The last ride taken by Anjali and Bipasha was the same, where Bipasha waited 30 mins for Anjali to complete her ride. Before standing in the queue for that ride, Bipasha took a 1-hour coffee break after completing her previous ride.

C completed her visit by 11 AM after spending Rs. 50, and A waited for C to complete Ride 1 till 11 AM.
=> C took Ride 3 from 9-10 AM and Ride 1 from 10-11 AM

Since all 3 visitors incurred the same expense by 12:15 PM, that expense must be Rs. 50 as C had already taken all her rides by then.

Further, B began her first ride at 11:30 AM which would have gone till 12:30 PM, hence this ride must be Ride 2 which has Rs. 50 ticket.

Now, A would have taken Ride 3 from 12-1 PM as only then she would have spent 20+30 = Rs. 50 by 12:15 PM.

We have the following table now:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

∴ Ride 1 was taken by all 3 visitors.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

A,B,C visited an entertainment park - 4 rides
Ride 1,2,4 : 9 AM - 5 PM
Ride 3 : 9 AM - 1 PM
Ride gates open every 30 minutes, each ride lasts 1 hour.
Ticket prices: Ride 1 - Rs. 20, Ride 2 - Rs. 50, Ride 3 - Rs. 30, Ride 4 - Rs. 40
Each of the three visitors took at least one ride and did not necessarily take all rides.
None of them took the same ride more than once

1. Chitra never waited in the queue and completed her visit by 11 am after spending Rs. 50 to pay for the ticket(s).
2. Anjali took Ride-1 at 11 am after waiting for 30 mins for Chitra to complete it. It was the only ride where Anjali waited.
3. Bipasha began her first of three rides at 11:30 am. All three visitors incurred the same amount of ticket expense by 12:15 pm.
4. The last ride taken by Anjali and Bipasha was the same, where Bipasha waited 30 mins for Anjali to complete her ride. Before standing in the queue for that ride, Bipasha took a 1-hour coffee break after completing her previous ride.

C completed her visit by 11 AM after spending Rs. 50, and A waited for C to complete Ride 1 till 11 AM.
=> C took Ride 3 from 9-10 AM and Ride 1 from 10-11 AM

Since all 3 visitors incurred the same expense by 12:15 PM, that expense must be Rs. 50 as C had already taken all her rides by then.

Further, B began her first ride at 11:30 AM which would have gone till 12:30 PM, hence this ride must be Ride 2 which has Rs. 50 ticket.

Now, A would have taken Ride 3 from 12-1 PM as only then she would have spent 20+30 = Rs. 50 by 12:15 PM.

We have the following table now:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

∴ Anjali and Chitra took 6 rides in total

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

A,B,C visited an entertainment park - 4 rides
Ride 1,2,4 : 9 AM - 5 PM
Ride 3 : 9 AM - 1 PM
Ride gates open every 30 minutes, each ride lasts 1 hour.
Ticket prices: Ride 1 - Rs. 20, Ride 2 - Rs. 50, Ride 3 - Rs. 30, Ride 4 - Rs. 40
Each of the three visitors took at least one ride and did not necessarily take all rides.
None of them took the same ride more than once

1. Chitra never waited in the queue and completed her visit by 11 am after spending Rs. 50 to pay for the ticket(s).
2. Anjali took Ride-1 at 11 am after waiting for 30 mins for Chitra to complete it. It was the only ride where Anjali waited.
3. Bipasha began her first of three rides at 11:30 am. All three visitors incurred the same amount of ticket expense by 12:15 pm.
4. The last ride taken by Anjali and Bipasha was the same, where Bipasha waited 30 mins for Anjali to complete her ride. Before standing in the queue for that ride, Bipasha took a 1-hour coffee break after completing her previous ride.

C completed her visit by 11 AM after spending Rs. 50, and A waited for C to complete Ride 1 till 11 AM.
=> C took Ride 3 from 9-10 AM and Ride 1 from 10-11 AM

Since all 3 visitors incurred the same expense by 12:15 PM, that expense must be Rs. 50 as C had already taken all her rides by then.

Further, B began her first ride at 11:30 AM which would have gone till 12:30 PM, hence this ride must be Ride 2 which has Rs. 50 ticket.

Now, A would have taken Ride 3 from 12-1 PM as only then she would have spent 20+30 = Rs. 50 by 12:15 PM.

We have the following table now:

B took exactly 3 rides. She couldn’t have taken Ride 3 as she took her first ride till 12:30 PM and Ride 3 needs to be taken by 1 PM. Therefore, B took Rides 1,2,4.

The last ride taken by A and B are the same. It can only be Ride 4 as can be deduced from the above table.

Since A did not wait for any ride after Ride 1, she would taken Ride 2 right after Ride 1 at 1 PM and Ride 4 at 2 PM
B took Ride 1 from 12:30 to 1:30 PM followed by an hour’s break till 2:30 PM, followed by 30 mins of wait time for Ride 4 which was being taken by A. And finally, B took Ride 4 from 3-4 PM

The final table is shown below:

∴ Anjali spent a total of 20+50+30+40 = 140 on tickets

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Since the total score on Day 3 is the same as the total score on Day 4, and 2-day average for Day 4 is 16, it means that the total score on Day 3 and Day 4 was 16 each.

2-day average of Day 5 is 17
=> Day 5 total score is 34-16 = 18

2-day average of Day 3 is 15.5
=> Day 2 score is 31-16 = 15

2-day average of Day 2 is 15
=> Day 1 score is 30-15 = 15

C scores in multiples of 3.
=> C’s scores will be 3/6/9

C’s score on Day 2 is the unique highest score across the 5 days. => It must be 9

On Day 3. C’s rank is 1. His score must be 6 as it can’t be 9 because 9 comes only once in the competition. A and B have the same rank i.e., a score of 5 each.

C’s minimum score (3) is only on Day 1 => A also has a score of 3 on Day 4
Now, on Day 4, C must have scored 6. Hence, B must have scored 16-3-6 = 7

Given that B has the same score on Day 1 and 3 = 5
Hence, A must have scored 15-5-3 = 7

The final table looks like this:

∴ Akhil’s score on Day 1 is 7

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

Since the total score on Day 3 is the same as the total score on Day 4, and 2-day average for Day 4 is 16, it means that the total score on Day 3 and Day 4 was 16 each.

2-day average of Day 5 is 17
=> Day 5 total score is 34-16 = 18

2-day average of Day 3 is 15.5
=> Day 2 score is 31-16 = 15

2-day average of Day 2 is 15
=> Day 1 score is 30-15 = 15

C scores in multiples of 3.
=> C’s scores will be 3/6/9

C’s score on Day 2 is the unique highest score across the 5 days. => It must be 9

On Day 3. C’s rank is 1. His score must be 6 as it can’t be 9 because 9 comes only once in the competition. A and B have the same rank i.e., a score of 5 each.

C’s minimum score (3) is only on Day 1 => A also has a score of 3 on Day 4
Now, on Day 4, C must have scored 6. Hence, B must have scored 16-3-6 = 7

Given that B has the same score on Day 1 and 3 = 5
Hence, A must have scored 15-5-3 = 7

The final table looks like this:

∴ The max total score is attained by Chatur (30)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

Since the total score on Day 3 is the same as the total score on Day 4, and 2-day average for Day 4 is 16, it means that the total score on Day 3 and Day 4 was 16 each.

2-day average of Day 5 is 17
=> Day 5 total score is 34-16 = 18

2-day average of Day 3 is 15.5
=> Day 2 score is 31-16 = 15

2-day average of Day 2 is 15
=> Day 1 score is 30-15 = 15

C scores in multiples of 3.
=> C’s scores will be 3/6/9

C’s score on Day 2 is the unique highest score across the 5 days. => It must be 9

On Day 3. C’s rank is 1. His score must be 6 as it can’t be 9 because 9 comes only once in the competition. A and B have the same rank i.e., a score of 5 each.

C’s minimum score (3) is only on Day 1 => A also has a score of 3 on Day 4
Now, on Day 4, C must have scored 6. Hence, B must have scored 16-3-6 = 7

Given that B has the same score on Day 1 and 3 = 5
Hence, A must have scored 15-5-3 = 7

The final table looks like this:

∴ Minimum possible total score of Bimal is 5+1+5+7+7 = 25

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Since the total score on Day 3 is the same as the total score on Day 4, and 2-day average for Day 4 is 16, it means that the total score on Day 3 and Day 4 was 16 each.

2-day average of Day 5 is 17
=> Day 5 total score is 34-16 = 18

2-day average of Day 3 is 15.5
=> Day 2 score is 31-16 = 15

2-day average of Day 2 is 15
=> Day 1 score is 30-15 = 15

C scores in multiples of 3.
=> C’s scores will be 3/6/9

C’s score on Day 2 is the unique highest score across the 5 days. => It must be 9

On Day 3. C’s rank is 1. His score must be 6 as it can’t be 9 because 9 comes only once in the competition. A and B have the same rank i.e., a score of 5 each.

C’s minimum score (3) is only on Day 1 => A also has a score of 3 on Day 4
Now, on Day 4, C must have scored 6. Hence, B must have scored 16-3-6 = 7

Given that B has the same score on Day 1 and 3 = 5
Hence, A must have scored 15-5-3 = 7

The final table looks like this:

Total score of Bimal is a multiple of 3 => 5+2+5+7+8
∴ Akhil’s score on Day 2 = 4

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

Since the total score on Day 3 is the same as the total score on Day 4, and 2-day average for Day 4 is 16, it means that the total score on Day 3 and Day 4 was 16 each.
2-day average of Day 5 is 17
=> Day 5 total score is 34-16 = 18
2-day average of Day 3 is 15.5
=> Day 2 score is 31-16 = 15
2-day average of Day 2 is 15
=> Day 1 score is 30-15 = 15
C scores in multiples of 3.
=> C’s scores will be 3/6/9
C’s score on Day 2 is the unique highest score across the 5 days. => It must be 9
On Day 3. C’s rank is 1. His score must be 6 as it can’t be 9 because 9 comes only once in the competition. A and B have the same rank i.e., a score of 5 each.
C’s minimum score (3) is only on Day 1 => A also has a score of 3 on Day 4
Now, on Day 4, C must have scored 6. Hence, B must have scored 16-3-6 = 7
Given that B has the same score on Day 1 and 3 = 5
Hence, A must have scored 15-5-3 = 7
The final table looks like this:

Bimal’s total score will always be 26 in both the cases.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Explanation:

n, m, k are natural numbers
Given, k divides m+2n
=> k will divide 2(m+2n) = 2m+4n, 3(m+2n) = 3m+6n,....
Given, k divides 3m+4n
=> k will divide (3m+4n) - (2m+4n) = m
And, k will divide (3m+6n) - (3m+4n) = 2n
∴ k is a common divisor of m and 2n

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Non-zero real numbers x and y, y ≠ 3
x/y < (x+3)/(y-3)
=> x/y - (x+3)/(y-3) < 0
=> (xy-3x-xy-3y)/y(y-3) < 0
=> -3(x+y)/y(y-3) < 0
=> (x+y)/y(y-3) > 0

Option D: If y > 10, the denominator will be +ve
For the overall to be +ve, the numerator should also be +ve
=> x+y > 0
=> x > -y
∴ Op D is wrong

Option B: If y < 0, denominator will become +ve (-ve x -ve = +ve)
For the overall to be +ve, the numerator should also be +ve
=> x+y > 0
=> -x < y
∴ Op B is correct

Correct Answer is B

Explanation:

Total 4 factors
We know that the number of factors of a number prime factorized as ax.by… is (x+1)(y+1)..
4 = 4 or 2*2 i.e., (3+1) or (1+1)(1+1)
=> 23, 33, 2*3/5/7/11/13/17/19/23, 3*5/7/11/13, 5*7
∴ Total = 1+1+8+4+1 = 15

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

CP1 for Minu = 1000
SP for Minu = CP for Kanu = 1200
CP2 for Minu = 0.8*1200 = 960
Minu’s total profit = 500, and 200 of which was made by selling to Kanu
=> Minu made a profit of 300 while selling sunglasses to Tanu
∴ Profit made by Minu on selling sunglasses to Tanu = (300/960) x 100 = 31.25%

Correct Answer is A

Explanation:

Explanation:

Let there be total 10x employees
2x work in manufacturing
Total salary of manufacturing employees = y (Total salary of all employees = 6y)
Avg salary obtained by manufacturing employees = y/2x
Avg salary obtained by non-manufacturing employees = 5y/8x
∴ Required ratio = (y/2x): (5y/8x) = 4: 5

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

White → w shirts, Rs. 1000
Blue → b shirts, Rs. 1125
Avg cost of all shirts = (1000w+1125b)/(w+b)
SP of each shirt = 1.25*0.9*(1000w+1125b)/(w+b) = 1.125(1000w+1125b)/(w+b)
Total profit = 51000
1.125(1000w+1125b) - (1000w+1125b) = 51000
=> 1000w+1125b = 408000
=> 8w+9b = 3264
For w+b to be max, b should be minimum so that w becomes maximum
Since 3264 is a multiple of 8, b should also be a multiple of 8 so that w comes out to be a natural number.
b = 8
=> 8w = 3264-72 = 3192
=> w = 3192/8 = 399
∴ (b+w)max = 8+399 = 407

Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation:

We have to find the area bounded by Y-axis (x = 0), x = 5, and |x-y| - |x-5| = 2
For 0 < x < 5, |x-5| = -x+5
=> |x-y| = 2-x+5 = 7-x
i.e., x-y = 7-x
=> 2x - y = 7
And y-x = 7-x
=> y = 7

Area of the trapezium = ½(sum of parallel sides)*height
= ½(4+14)5
= 45
Correct Answer is C

Explanation:

Explanation:

Explanation: