iQuanta has launched a Mini Mock Series covering all the sections of the CLAT exam, these questions have been handpicked by our faculty based on the latest CLAT exam pattern.
Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
A man is said to pass through different stages in his lifetime. Dr. Wayne W. Dyer, in his book Manifest Your Destiny, makes an interesting categorisation of them as athlete stage, warrior stage, statesperson stage and spirit stage. It occurred to me that nations too make a similar transition and in extending this analogy to them, I have termed the last two stages big brother and self-realisation stages, respectively. The stages do not follow in sequence necessarily; they can be coexistent, with one aspect dominant.
In the first, athlete stage, a nation fresh from an independence struggle, or some other transition, embarks on an energetic pursuit of performance and achievement. This has happened in Japan, Singapore and Malaysia.
When a nation leaves this stage behind, it generally enters the warrior stage. Proud of its achievements, it finds ways to demonstrate its superiority over others, perhaps through conquest. Ego is the driving force. During this stage, people are busy with goals and achievements in competition with others and this, as Dyer points out for the individual, generates anxiety. Convincing others of its superiority becomes the theme.
In the next, big brother stage, the ego has been tamed somewhat and with its newfound maturity awareness shifts to what is important to other nations and societies. In the big brother stage, the nation is still an achiever, but it is not so obsessed with proving its strength. The idea is to help others become better. The erstwhile Soviet Union by its developmental role in some countries had adopted this role. As with the individual, so too with the nation, the transition from the warrior stage to the big brother stage is a rewarding but difficult exercise.
There is one stage even higher than this big brother stage. In this, a nation recognises its truest essence. It comes out of the wisdom that the earth is no single nation’s inheritance but of all, and its people are aware of the responsibility of the individual towards his fellow human beings. This can be called the realisation stage, and India may have the potential to achieve it.
Current Affairs and General Knowledge
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
In an historic development, the World Health Assembly, the annual meeting of its member countries, today agreed a package of critical amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR), and made concrete commitments to completing negotiations on a global pandemic agreement within a year, at the latest. These critical actions have been taken in order to ensure comprehensive, robust systems are in place in all countries to protect the health and safety of all people everywhere from the risk of future outbreaks and pandemics.
These decisions represent two important steps by countries, taken in tandem with one another on the final day of the World Health Assembly, to build on lessons learned from several global health emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The package of amendments to the Regulations will strengthen global preparedness, surveillance and responses to public health emergencies, including pandemics.
Legal Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
In a grim reminder that children continue to face the brunt of sexual depravity, more than 96% of the rape trials, registered under the Protection of Children Against Sexual Offences (Pocso) Act, are pending.
Pocso Act, provides for special courts for trial of cases of crimes against children to protect minors and prevent them from being victimised again by courts which have to deal with long pendency of other cases. A Pocso Act court has provision for in-camera trial in a child-friendly environment without revealing the identity of the children.
The law ministry has now drawn up a comprehensive plan to fast-track disposal of pending rape and Pocso Act cases within a year. The government is also likely to propose a similar fast-track courts (FTCs) scheme under the 15th Finance Commission (2020-2025).
The combined data for rape and Pocso Act cases are of June 2019, both supplied by the HCs, having a time lag of a little over a year. However, the current status of the number of Pocso Act and other rape cases is unlikely to be too different from the available data set. The law ministry has set a target of one year to complete trial of these pending cases by setting up 1,023 FTCs across the country.
The government has asked each HC and state government to convey their desire to on-board the scheme by December 31. Many states are already running FTCs for trial of Pocso Act cases. Pocso Act also mandates that investigation in the cases is to be completed in two months (from the date of registration of FIR) and trial in six months.
However, despite a strong law and policy framework, a large number of rape and Pocso Act cases are pending in various courts in the country, It, however, did not mention how long these cases have been pending. The ministry, which has received data on all pending rape and Pocso Act cases from HCs, said that there were 389 districts where the number of pending cases under Pocso Act exceeded 100. The government has issued directives to set up fast- track court in each of these districts, which is also in compliance of a similar directive from the SC.
The department of justice in the law ministry will monitor these trials on a quarterly basis and each of these FTCs will be connected to the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG), which updates status of all cases on a daily basis, including their disposal and will analysis the provisions of the Act which are violated such as no child to be detained in the police station in the night for any reason and Police officer must not be in uniform while recording the statement of the child and that the statement of the child is to be recorded as spoken by the child. The NJDG will analyse the data and draw a comparative analysis of performance of FTCs to identify good practices and performance.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from Law ministry plans to clear backlog in 1 year with fast-track courts, news by Times Of India, December 7, 2019]
Logical Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The Goods and services tax (GST) council will meet today to discuss exemption on GST on powdered millets, extending concessional rate of 18% GST on vehicles purchased by visually impaired persons and taxability on corporate guarantee and bank guarantee given by the directors and promoters of the companies.
While no major changes are proposed in GST on goods, the fitment committee is expected to exempt five services supplied to government authorities including water supply, public health, sanitation, solid waste management and slum improvement and upgradation project, an official aware of the discussions.
The council is also expected to relax the eligibility criteria on the Appellate tribunals being set up, giving more time to taxpayers to file tax appeals in the tribunal and enabling the provision of one man company in the GST registration form, the official added.
The council is likely to issue detailed clarification in terms of GST on certain services, including applicability of taxation of re supply of electricity by housing societies, GST on service on the process of making malt from barley and on renting of bus services.
The fitment committee is also learnt to bring all services provided by Indian Railways, under forward charge mechanism, a move which may save India railways Rs 1,300 crore annually, the official said.
The council is also expected to come up with detailed clarification regarding the place of services in case of advertisement service, data centre and co-location service and services provided through mail and courier. The issue has been a reason for the large number of litigation for corporates
The council is also likely to discuss and review GST on services for government related constructions which are not for sale, including like bridges, roads, industrial units.
The council is considering exemption of GST on horticulture services given on contract to maintain public-park, lawn and public garden where value of goods is less than 25%.
Quantitative Techniques
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The findings of Oxfam India’s latest ‘India Discrimination Report 2022’ indicate that there is a significant gap in the earnings between men and women in the case of regular and self-employment in urban areas. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 percent of discrimination and 33 percent due to lack of education and work experience. The average earning is ₹ 16,000 for men and merely ₹ 6,600 for women in urban areas in self-employment. The average earning of men is ₹ 19,800 as against ₹ 15,600 for women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas. Also, in urban areas the average earnings of men (₹ 9,000) are significantly higher than women (₹ 5,700) even in casual employment. Apart from women, historically oppressed communities along with religious minorities also continue to face discrimination in accessing jobs, livelihoods, and agricultural credit. The mean income for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes (“SC/ST”) persons in urban areas who are in regular employment is ₹15,300 as against ₹ 20,300 for persons belonging to the non-SC/ST category. The average earning of self-employed workers is ₹ 15,900 for non-SC/STs and ₹ 10,500 for SC/STs. The average monthly earning for the SC/ST workers in casual work is ₹ 8,000 below the corresponding figure of ₹ 8,600 for the non-SC/ST.
[Data Source: Oxfam India]
[Note: Values have been approximated to the nearest hundred]
