iQuanta has launched a Mini Mock Series covering all the sections of the CLAT exam, these questions have been handpicked by our faculty based on the latest CLAT exam pattern.
Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
I like to think of the human body as an especially intelligent and utopian nationhood. Like Wakanda in Black Panther. An empathetic system that has evolved from the ground up – one that nourishes and enriches its citizens, learns from and adapts to new environments, accounts for exigencies, is fortified with defences, and isn’t afraid to deploy its ammunition against hostile invaders to protect its people.
The human body is capable of all of the above. Take, for instance, the nose. It’s more than just an entryway for air; it also acts as a round-the-clock vacuuming system. The nose is lined with fine hair called cilia that trap and stop any foreign and unwanted particles from going down the windpipe. It is one of the many examples of how our bodies have prepared and developed a fortifying mechanism against unwanted elements.
But what happens when the foreign particles in the air are smaller than the ultra-fine cilia in your nose? How can the cilia stop something when it is not equipped to do so? PM 2.5 are such small particles that they pass through our noses easily. And so, one of the first and most dangerous breaches in our physiological defences begins. This is where the Trojan horse is being wheeled in, and little do we know of the devastation that will soon occur.
Our bodies are incredibly complex organisms that have evolved over 1,00,000 years to survive and adapt to the environment and excel at it. Yet, today, air pollution is destroying these amazing mechanisms like never before. The very air which is our life support has become toxic. So, when we breathe we are also taking in hazardous toxins that pass from the air into our nose, then to our lungs and finally into our bloodstream, where they inevitably end up clogging our arteries, waiting to be cleared by stents! And heart disease is just one of the many disorders that air pollution causes.
Perhaps, in many decades to come, our bodies will evolve to combat pollution too. But right now, this is wishful thinking. Till then, we have no other choice but to clean our air and protect ourselves and our families from the devastating effects of pollution.
[Excerpted from How to Grow Fresh Air by Kamal Meattle and Barun Aggarwal, published by Juggernaut Books]
Current Affairs and General Knowledge
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The extremely high temperatures recorded in New Delhi in the last two days are extraordinary. But they are in keeping with the global trend in the last couple of years that has seen record-breaking temperatures being reported from several locations across the world.
For example, the United Kingdom crossed 40 degree Celsius for the first time ever in July 2022. A small town in China’s northwest recorded 52 degree Celsius last year, the highest ever for that country. In 2021, Sicily in Italy recorded 48.8 degree Celsius, the highest for Europe ever. These are just a few examples.
An analysis by Carbon Brief, a UK-based publication focused on climate change, last year showed that nearly 40% of the Earth had recorded its highest-ever daily temperature between 2013 to 2023. This includes places in Antarctica as well.
Legal Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
Shooting down of US spy drone by Iran raises important questions of International Law. As per Iran, the US spy drone has entered Iranian air space, while Lt. General Joseph Guastella of US Air Force’s Central Command has denied Iran’s claims and stated that the drone was never closer to Iran than 21 miles, and released a map and grainy video which allegedly showed the drone’s launch site and the location where it was shot down. It is therefore relevant to understand the concept of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and innocent passage.
As per Article 3 of the UNCLOS, the breadth of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles from the baseline. Article 2 states that the sovereignty of the coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters till adjacent belt of sea, called the territorial sea. It also lays down that sovereignty of the coastal state extends to airspace, sea bed and subsoil of the territorial sea.
According to Article 17, UNCLOS, ships of all states, coastal or landlocked, have right to innocent passage through the territorial sea. However, Article 19 defines the meaning of the innocent passage and prohibits use and display of force, military exercise, threat, displaying weapons, spying and collecting information, acting as a threat to peace, security and defence of the coastal state. If Iran’s claim of violation of its airspace is correct, in the view of Article 19, flying off a spy drone cannot be termed as innocent passage. However, if the US’s claim of 21 nautical miles is correct, it is beyond the territorial sea of Iran and within its contiguous zone.
The contiguous zone, according to Article 33 of the UNCLOS, extends up to 24 nautical miles, i.e starts after 12 NM breadth of the territorial sea. However, the coastal state does not have absolute sovereignty rights over the sea and airspace above the contiguous zone. In this zone, a coastal state may exercise control only to prevent infringement of customs, fiscal and immigration laws. A coastal state may prevent passage from its territorial sea which is not innocent. Article 30 provides that if a foreign warship does not comply with the rules and regulations of the coastal state in territorial seas, it may be asked to leave territorial sea immediately.
The general principle provides that the flag state will bear responsibility and cost of any damage caused by the warship operated for non-commercial purpose. Article 20 of the UNCLOS provides that submarines and underwater vehicles are to surface in territorial water of the coastal states and show their flags.
[Source: Extracted with edits and revision from The Persian Gulf Crisis, Ramification for India and Application of UNCLOS, https://www.lawctopus.com/persian-gulf-crisis/]
Logical Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
India ranked 111th out of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index-2023, with the country reporting the highest child wasting rate at 18.7 per cent. The index was released on Thursday. In comparison, India ranked 107th out of 121 countries in 2022. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) serves as a comprehensive tool for measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional, and national levels.
With a score of 28.7 in the Global Hunger Index-2023, India’s level of hunger is categorized as serious, as per a report based on the index. Notably, India’s neighbouring countries such as Pakistan (102th), Bangladesh (81st), Nepal (69th), and Sri Lanka (60th) have performed better than India in the index. South Asia and Africa South of the Sahara are identified as the world regions with the highest hunger levels, both having a GHI score of 27, indicating serious hunger levels.
The report highlights that “India has the highest child wasting rate in the world, at 18.7 per cent, reflecting acute undernutrition.” Wasting is a measure based on children’s weight relative to their height. As per the index, the rate of undernourishment in India is 16.6 per cent, and the under-five mortality rate is 3.1 per cent. The prevalence of anaemia in women aged between 15 and 24 years is reported at 58.1 per cent.
The 2023 Global Hunger Index (GHI) reveals that after many years of progress up to 2015, the fight against global hunger has largely stagnated. The global GHI score for 2023 stands at 18.3, which is considered moderate and is less than one point below the world’s 2015 GHI score of 19.1. Moreover, since 2017, the prevalence of undernourishment, one of the indicators used in the GHI score calculation, has been increasing. The number of undernourished individuals has risen from 572 million to approximately 735 million, as indicated by the index.
Quantitative Techniques
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
Players are selected for Judo based on their body weights from the following 10 weight groups:
1. (48 kg – 52 kg) 6. (68 kg – 72 kg)
2. (52 kg – 56 kg) 7. (72 kg – 76 kg)
3. (56 kg – 60 kg) 8. (76 kg – 80 kg)
4. (60 kg – 64 kg) 9. (80 kg – 84 kg)
5. (64 kg – 68 kg) 10. (84 kg – 88 kg)
The average weight of the players after selecting one player from each group is 68 kg. If one of the players (named S) leaves the team, their average weight comes down to 66.5 kg.
