Instructions: –
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Playing at the Olympics in itself is a great achievement for the athletes, and winning a medal is an inexpressible moment. This year, the joy of taking home a medal is doubled as the medals are made considering the environmental crisis. For the first time in history- gold, silver, and bronze Olympic and Paralympic medals are produced from recycled small electronic devices including cell phones. For the past two years, the Tokyo 2020 Medal Project collected 78,985 tons of electronic devices including 6.21 million cell phones from across Japan to produce the 5,000 Olympic medals. With the process of smelting, the gold, silver, and bronze elements of the devices were extracted from the electrical devices.
According to the official website of the Tokyo Games, it’s the first time in Olympic history that medals were made using recycled metal, and the first time that ordinary citizens have been involved in their production. The event’s name and logo are recycled as the organizers decided not to rebrand the 2020 Games that was postponed amid the COVID pandemic.
Olympic officials clarified that the cardboard beds were provided because of their sustainability and sturdiness. The podiums are made of recycled plastic and the Olympic torch has aluminium that was recycled from the temporary housing used after Japan’s Fukushima disaster. The Games’ sustainability further plan set a target of reusing or recycling 65% of waste generated during the event, and organizers are also aiming to recycle or reuse 99% of goods procured for the games.
Analysts quote that the efforts of eco-friendly set up at the Olympics are exaggerated. The Olympics have increasingly been questioned over their lack of sustainability. For instance, in 2018, the Olympic Stadium for the Pyeongchang Olympics was made by spending $100 million which will have torn down after the Games.
Legal Reasoning
In the realm of contract law, the concept of breach serves as a pivotal determinant of legal obligations and liabilities between contracting parties. However, the mere occurrence of irregularity or deviation from contractual terms does not necessarily constitute a breach. Instead, the breach must strike at the root intention of the contract, thereby substantially impairing the fundamental purpose or objective that the parties sought to achieve through their agreement. Moreover, the liability for breach can be absolved if the non-breaching party acquiesces to the breach through words or conduct that indicate a waiver of their rights or an acceptance of the deviation from contractual terms.
Crucially, for a breach to occur, it must be attributable to the acts or omissions of the breaching party and not to any other intervening factors beyond their control. This principle ensures that parties are held accountable only for breaches that result from their own volition or negligence, rather than unforeseeable external circumstances. Furthermore, the timing of filing a claim for breach is not restricted to the date of performance stipulated in the contract. Instead, the non-breaching party may initiate legal action in anticipation of the breach if there are reasonable grounds to infer that the breaching party intends to deviate from contractual obligations.
The anticipation of breach can be inferred from the words or conduct of the breaching party, provided that such behavior is sufficiently indicative of an imminent failure to perform. This requirement underscores the importance of clear communication and acknowledgment of the breach by the breaching party, as it allows the non-breaching party to take timely remedial action or seek appropriate legal redress. Moreover, the principle of anticipatory breach enables parties to proactively address potential breaches before they materialize fully, thereby mitigating the risk of substantial harm or loss resulting from delayed or inadequate performance.
In practice, the determination of breach and the assessment of its consequences often involve a nuanced analysis of contractual terms, factual circumstances, and the intentions of the parties involved. Courts typically consider various factors, including the nature and extent of the breach, the impact on the non-breaching party, and any mitigating or aggravating factors that may affect the outcome of the case. Additionally, parties may resort to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation, or arbitration to resolve breach-related disputes in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Overall, the principles governing breach of contract underscore the importance of upholding contractual obligations, promoting fair dealing between parties, and ensuring effective remedies for aggrieved parties in case of breach. By adhering to these principles and principles, the legal framework surrounding breach of contract serves to safeguard the integrity and enforceability of contractual agreements while fostering trust, transparency, and accountability in commercial dealings.
Also learn: CLAT Previous Year Question Papers
Logical Reasoning
It appears there was an issue accessing the content from the provided URL, which prevents me from directly summarizing the requested passage. However, I can still offer a general discussion on the topic of whether video games, such as “Alan Wake 2,” can be considered art, based on the criteria and context typically involved in such debates.
The discourse surrounding the artistic status of video games has evolved significantly, with titles like “Alan Wake 2” often cited as exemplars of the medium’s potential for narrative depth, aesthetic sophistication, and emotional engagement. The argument for video games as a form of art rests on several pillars, including their ability to combine various artistic elements—such as visual art, storytelling, music, and interactive gameplay—into a cohesive and immersive experience. This synthesis allows for unique forms of expression and audience interaction that are not possible through traditional media.
“Alan Wake 2,” as a hypothetical example, would likely be discussed in terms of its narrative complexity, thematic depth, and the way it integrates gameplay with story progression and character development. Such games challenge players not just to engage with the game mechanically but also intellectually and emotionally, prompting reflection on the narrative’s themes, characters, and underlying messages.
Moreover, the creation of video games involves a significant degree of artistic decision-making, from the design of characters and environments to the crafting of the narrative and the composition of the soundtrack. Each of these elements requires creative talent and vision, further supporting the argument that video games are indeed a form of art.
In conclusion, while the specific details and arguments related to “Alan Wake 2” cannot be provided due to the inability to access the requested content, it is clear that the debate over video games as art is multifaceted. It encompasses considerations of narrative, aesthetics, interactivity, and the creative process, all of which support the notion that video games can indeed be considered a legitimate and valuable form of artistic expression.
Quantitative Techniques
Directions: Study the data carefully and answer the following questions:
A contractor taken contract to construct five buildings (S, T, U, V, and W). He hired some workers, and they worked either in day shift or in night shift. Number of workers required in day shifts to construct buildings S, T, U, V, and Ware (2m – 8), (2n – 6), (2a – 10), 2b, and 4c2, respectively and number of workers required in night shifts to construct same buildings S, T, U, V, and W are (2m + 8), (2n + 6), (2a + 10), (2b + 16), and 4d2, respectively. The number of days required by workers to construct the buildings S, T, U, V, and W in day shift are 8 day, 10 days, 60 days, 44 days, and 66 days more than number of days required by workers to construct the buildings S, T, U, V, and W in night shift, respectively. (2n – 18) days and (4a + 68) days were taken by worker in night shift to construct building T and building U, respectively and ratio of number of days taken by worker in day shift to that in night shift to complete the buildings S, V, and W are 8: 7, 4: 3, and 36: 25, respectively.
General Knowledge
The 4th Global Renewable Energy Investors Meet and Expo, held in Gujarat, marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of India’s renewable energy landscape. This event, notable for being the first instance of the expo taking place outside of Delhi, positions Gujarat as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy narrative, particularly in the context of India’s ambitious climate commitments. The state garnered significant recognition, winning multiple awards for its innovative approaches and substantial contributions to renewable energy generation, thus solidifying its reputation as a global leader in sustainable energy development. Gujarat’s ascension in the renewable energy sector can be traced back to its early and strategic policy initiatives. The state’s Renewable Energy Policy, launched in 2007, established an ambitious framework aimed at achieving 20,000 megawatts (MW) of renewable energy capacity by 2022, a target it is poised to exceed. The policy not only incentivizes solar and wind energy projects but also incorporates provisions for biomass and small hydroelectric projects, fostering a diversified energy portfolio. By 2021, Gujarat accounted for approximately 25% of India’s total renewable energy capacity, underscoring the efficacy of its forward-thinking strategies.
The state’s geographical advantages further enhance its potential. Gujarat’s coastline stretches over 1,600 kilometres, providing ample opportunity for offshore wind energy development, while its high solar insolation makes it an ideal location for solar power generation. Notably, the Kutch region has become synonymous with solar energy, hosting one of the world’s largest solar parks, the 2,000 MW Bhadla Solar Park, which exemplifies the state’s commitment to scaling up renewable infrastructure. This park alone has the potential to power millions of homes and significantly reduce carbon emissions. The awards conferred at the Global Renewable Energy Expo are indicative of Gujarat’s multifaceted approach to fostering a robust renewable energy ecosystem. The state has actively engaged in public-private partnerships (PPPs), which have been instrumental in attracting both domestic and foreign investment. Companies such as Adani Green Energy and Tata Power have made substantial investments in the state, contributing to technological advancements and cost reductions in renewable energy generation. Furthermore, Gujarat’s proactive approach in developing decentralized energy systems, particularly through rooftop solar installations, aligns with global trends advocating for energy equity and resilience in the face of climate change.
However, Gujarat’s journey is not devoid of challenges. As it accelerates its renewable energy agenda, the state must address critical issues such as land acquisition for new projects, the integration of renewable energy into the existing grid, and the socio-economic ramifications of transitioning away from fossil fuels. The rise of intermittent renewable sources necessitates a robust grid infrastructure to ensure reliability and stability in energy supply. The implementation of energy storage solutions and smart grid technologies will be crucial in mitigating these challenges. Moreover, the global context cannot be overlooked. As countries grapple with the pressing need to transition to sustainable energy sources in response to the existential threat posed by climate change, Gujarat’s achievements serve as a compelling case study for other regions. The Indian government aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity by 2030, a target that necessitates the replication of Gujarat’s successful models across diverse geographies.