iQuanta has launched a Mini Mock Series covering all the sections of the CLAT exam, these questions have been handpicked by our faculty based on the latest CLAT exam pattern.
Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
A flyswatter, a coat hook, a pair of sandals—all were made from the same unremarkable white plastic, the sort mass produced by the freighter-load in Guangzhou or Taipei. At a glance they couldn’t seem less significant. But these simple objects were “printed” in extruded plastic by a machine called RepRap. To its proponents, the machine may be as momentous as the Wright Flyer or the Altair home computer. Some claim RepRap could end poverty and halt global warming. This is because RepRap, which can be constructed for a few hundred dollars and runs on open-source software, can make something far more significant than flip-flops. It can build itself. Well, almost.
RepRap, short for “self-replicating rapid prototyper,” is the brainchild of Adrian Bowyer, a senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at the University of Bath, in England. In 2004 Bowyer realized that one use for a rapid prototyper—a digital printer that builds 3-D objects out of extruded plastic—would be to make its own parts. That idea led him to the work of John von Neumann, the Hungarian mathematician who in the 1940s had posited a “Universal Constructor”: a theoretical machine that could build any object, including itself.
Bowyer’s first-generation RepRap, which looks like a space-age coffee table, is called Darwin; he built it on the strength of a mere $40,000 grant from the British government. With the exception of screws, a battery, a motor, and grease, RepRap makes all its parts. In May the first RepRap built of parts made by another RepRap was revealed at England’s Cheltenham Science Festival. Within minutes of its assembly, the copy was at work on a replica. Since then, Bowyer says, he and his colleagues don’t even know how many copies have been made. At least 100 have been produced around the world, from Brazil to Finland to Israel, and a lively web culture of users has sprung up around the machines.
Bowyer sees a key potential of the technology as the decentralisation of all industrial production, which, he argues, will create unlimited wealth. One admirer compared its potential to “having a China on every desktop.” And each new generation of machines would evolve by what Bowyer calls artificial selection. The resulting combination of economic equalization and technological evolution could be “Darwinian Marxism,” although it could mean a future without intellectual property and no way to encourage innovation. Bowyer isn’t worried: “I realized if you’ve got a machine that copies itself, you’ve got to give it away anyway, because as soon as one of them is out there you’ve lost control over it.”
[Extracted from Mechanical Generation by Matthew Power published in SEED Magazine, Nov 6, 2018]
Current Affairs and General Knowledge
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The Delhi High Court recently observed that the Central Information Commission (CIC) has no jurisdiction to comment on the utilisation of funds by the members of Parliament under the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme.
A single-judge bench of Justice Subramonium Prasad said in its order, “The Ld. CIC has no jurisdiction to comment upon the utilization of funds by the Members of Parliament under the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). The scope of the RTI Act is only to ensure that information sought for under the RTI Act is dissipated in order to secure access to information under the control of public authorities.”
Legal Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
People live in a society with peaceful and amicable manner. But on the contrary, there are some disturbing elements in the society as well, who whether unknowingly or sometimes intentionally create a sense of hatred and destroy the tranquility of the society.
“Affray” means a tussle or fighting between two or more persons, and there must be a strike hit, an offer of a strike, or a weapon drawn. An affray is committed in a public place and strives terror in the minds of the people. Section 159 of the IPC provides that ‘affray’ is defined as ”when two or more persons by way of a brawl in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said to commit an offence of affray.”
The fight must take place in a public place and such fighting must also result in the disturbance of the public peace and atmosphere.
“Fight” under Section 160 IPC, is certainly different from a mere quarrel. The SC has defined ‘fight’ as “strike or struggle to surmount for victory in the battle or in single combat to attempt to defeat the opposition, subdue or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons.”
“Quarrel” means that there should be a transposition of anger through utterances between two or more persons and not only the use of an ordinary tone. Though it may need two for a fight or quarrel, the difference between them is obviously apparent.
A place where public goes, it is irrelevant whether they have a right to go or not, is a public place. There is a water-tight difference between an act commence in public and an act done in a public place. In order to possess an offence of affray, there must be not only fighting between one or more than one party, but also it may cause disturbance to the public peace. An affray is distinguishable from assault: An affray must be committed in a public place, while an assault may take place anywhere, generally in private place. Someone can attack over another anywhere.
The offence of affray differs from riots as well, one of the fundamental differences is that affray cannot be commenced in a private place, whereas a riot can be committed in a private place. To commit a riot, it is mandatory to have five or more than five people to enhance the rioting.
Whoever commits an offence of affray shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month or liable to pay a fine which may be extended to one hundred rupees or with both simultaneously.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: What is Affray?, blog by Ipleaders]
Logical Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The Union ministry of education, earlier this month, issued guidelines to schools aimed at enhancing sensitivity and providing support to students struggling with self-harm. Surprisingly, this development did not receive the expected level of attention, despite a concerning surge in student suicides nationwide.
Suicide rates in U.P, while low in comparison with most other states and much lower than the national average (which is 12.0%), have gone up by 25% since 2020 (when the Covid pandemic struck India), according to data recorded by the National Crime Records Bureau.
According to experts, while psychiatric conditions can affect anyone, students stand out as one of the most vulnerable groups. Adolescence, a critical phase bridging childhood and adulthood, brings about significant changes in the brain, body, and social environment. Consequently, students become susceptible to various psychiatric conditions, with manifestations that include a rising incidence of student suicides, self-harm, and conflicts with teachers and parents.
Student suicides and self-harm cases have increased, as have verbal conflicts between students and their teachers and parents. Previously, stress-related issues were mainly observed among students preparing for board exams, but now even secondary school students exhibit these symptoms. Their lives have become overly packed with school, coaching classes, and assignments, leaving them with minimal time for outdoor activities. This leads to feelings of desperation, hypersensitivity, and an unfortunate increase in disrespectful behavior towards teachers and parents.”
Regarding the rise in stress, anxiety, and depression cases among students, Edmonds noted, “I used to encounter just one or two such cases per month, but now I find myself working with at least 5-6 students facing these issues every month. Students today have everything readily available, which immerses them in the materialistic aspects of life, from comparing cars to toys and possessions. This abundance can lead to an early absence of stress. However, when they enter their teenage years, they are suddenly confronted with the pressures of competition. Surprisingly, even trivial matters like who receives more pocket money can become sources of anxiety. It becomes a race to outdo their peers and indulge in conspicuous consumption, which itself becomes a form of stress. Furthermore, the pervasive influence of social media and exposure to harmful content can profoundly affect their mental well-being. At times, they struggle to find proper guidance to navigate these challenges.
Quantitative Techniques
Read the table and answer the following questions:
A survey of film watching habits of people living in five cities P, Q, R, S and T is summarised below in a table. The column I in the table gives percentage of film-watcher in each city who see only one film a week. The column II gives the total number of film-watchers who see two or more films per week.
City I II
P 60 24,000
Q 20 30,000
R 85 24,000
S 55 27,000
T 75 80,000
