Quanta has launched a Mini Mock Series covering all the sections of the CLAT exam, these questions have been handpicked by our faculty based on the latest CLAT exam pattern.
Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The 2019 global Press Freedom Index ranks India as 140th among 180 countries in the world. This is alarming in itself, and even more so when you consider that press freedom is inextricably linked with the functioning of democracy. And India is not alone in this—in several countries around the world, the most startling declines in press freedom have occurred in countries with elected leaders, mostly using technology and majoritarian values to stifle dissent, criticism and information about government failures and excesses. The future of press freedom is not just tied to the future of journalism, but the future of democracy itself, both of which are extremely uncertain at this time.
Journalism has been changing rapidly over the last two decades with the exponential expansion of digital media, and this is likely to continue. We’ve seen major upheavals in both the format and the essential nature of media. The biggest issue has been one of control—finance models have been broken, the need to constantly churn out content and attract eyeballs has led to a drop in investigative stories, original research and fact-checking, and in the resultant chaos, advertisers, corporations, politicians, governments and technological platforms have placed journalism itself under immense pressure through ceaseless attempts at influence, manipulation and censorship.
Simultaneously, there have been concerted efforts by authority figures everywhere to erode people’s trust in the media, both by subversion, proclamations and the menace of fake news—an industry of deception and distraction created by political troll factories and compliant platforms. This is not going to change with more technology shifts—as we move from smartphones to smart scrolls, smart glasses, augmented-, virtual- and mixed-reality journalism and, eventually, news fed directly to your brain, the constant struggle of journalists will be to retain enough freedom, financially, editorially and physically, to not turn into propagandists and PR engines. News automation, which will seek to replace the journalist entirely, is going to make this even more complicated.
The upcoming age of near-total surveillance is going to make finding whistleblowers and retaining anonymous sources even harder, and will also make it even easier for the powerful to prevent news from reaching the public at every stage of its dissemination. So while the need for the news media to keep a check on governments, businesses and religious authorities gone rogue, will be greater than ever, finding the resources to do this will only become more difficult. Along with these threats, the data age will provide new opportunities for journalism, as more things become measurable. We’re already seeing diverse communities and their interests being represented in the news, from mainstream journalism about neglected groups and niche interests to new voices, crowdsourced or public journalism.
Current Affairs and General Knowledge
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
In a significant development, Spain has officially become member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA). The Instrument of Ratification was handed over by Ambassador José María Ridao Domínguez of Spain to Abhishek Singh, Joint Secretary in the External Affairs Ministry and Head of Depository, during a meeting in New Delhi on May 21, 2024. This milestone marks a crucial step forward in global efforts to combat climate change through the deployment of solar energy solutions.
The ISA was conceived as a coalition of solar resource-rich countries to address their unique energy needs. The Alliance aims to mobilize efforts to reduce the cost of solar energy, facilitate its deployment, and bring together countries to address common challenges related to solar energy.
Legal Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2017 that seeks to amend the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 was passed on July 23, 2018 by the Lok Sabha. The Central Government has notified amendment to one of the most essential legislation, i.e. the Negotiable Instrument (Amendment) Act, 2018. In the age of netbanking, businesses across India use cheques. Cheques are issued for the purpose of keeping the money as security in any business. They are valid only for three months. After three months of period, the particular cheque gets cancelled and has no value. Cheques also include the post-dated ones, to make and receive payments from vendors, suppliers and customers.
In some cases, such cheques bounce and the matter ends up in court. The complaint can be filed under Section 138. After the cheque bounces, one has to send a notice to the defaulter of the cheque given by. If the creditor does not get any reply from the debtor, then within 15 days, the creditor of the cheque can send a notice to the debtor and file a case. If a cheque bounces and the amount is not paid to you, then send a demand notice letter to the party (drawer) that gave cheque to you, and inform them about the actions under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
One can file a complaint from the place where the cheque was drawn, cheque was presented, returned by the bank or the place from where he or she sent a demand notice to the defaulter/debtor. One cannot take legal action if the cheque given to you was for gift, advertisement or a donation. According to RBI’s rule, the bank has the right to stop issuing cheque books to the customer who had a record of bounced cheque more than 4 times.
It is easy for the drawer of a dishonoured cheque to file an appeal and obtain a stay on court proceedings. This reduces the credibility of cheques in the world of business.
The Negotiable Instrument (Amendment) Act, 2018 aims to amend the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, asking the drawer of a cheque that has been dishonoured to pay interim compensation to the complainant. The interim compensation will, however, not exceed 20% of the amount of the cheque that was dishonoured. The interim compensation is to be paid by the drawer of the dishonoured cheque in a summary trial or a summons case. It is applicable even if he pleads not guilty to the charge made in the complaint. The drawer of the cheque has to pay interim compensation within 60 days from the date of the order.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from New rules for bounced cheques matter in online banking era, blog by livemint]
Logical Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The Karnataka government’s decision to create a fact-checking unit to curb fake news on social media has raised concerns regarding the move possibly impinging upon the freedom of press. The Editors Guild of India has issued a statement that any move to check the spread of fake news should not be draconian in nature, and should be fair, independent and democratic.
Since coming to power in Karnataka with a thumping majority of 135 seats in a 224-seat state assembly, the Congress government has stated that it would introduce measures to curb the spread of fake news through social media channels. The proposal is being seen as part of the Congress’s strategy to curb fake news and rumours, which have in the past used social media to target its government, especially in instances of suspicious deaths.
On August 21, a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah to create a cyber security police for the state approved the formation of fact-checking units to tackle ‘fake news syndicates’. “The CM was of the view that curbing fake news was essential as it was responsible for the weakening of democracy and polarisation in society,” a statement from the Chief Minister’s Office said after the cabinet meeting.
The government would introduce legislation against the propagation of fake news and propose punishment for the spread of fake news, the cabinet decided. The fact checking units would work towards detecting syndicates that spread fake news and prevent the dissemination of such news. The unit will consist of a supervisory committee, fact-finding teams and analysis teams, the CMO statement said.
During the meeting, the state home minister G Parameshwara suggested creating the unit immediately as fake news — though in its infancy — could become a global menace. There were suggestions to coordinate with the information technology ministry for the formation of the fact checking unit.
Quantitative Techniques
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
In a five storey commercial complex, five different offices are there namely HCL, IBM, Infosys, Nugent and Accenture on the floors I, II, III, IV and V respectively. There are total 6000 employees working in the building. Each employee is employed in only one of the companies. Out of the total employees in the building, 18% are working in IBM and 37% are working in HCL. The ratio of the employees working in Accenture to that working in the Infosys is 17 : 19. There are only 9% of the total employees working in the Nugent Company. The ratio of the male employees to that of the female employees working in the Nugent is 7 : 2 and that in the Infosys is 17 : 21. The number of the male employees working in the Accenture is five times the number of the female employees. The number of male employees working in the HCL is 480 less than the number of male employees working in the Accenture. 4/9 of total employees in IBM are females.