iQuanta has launched a Mini Mock Series covering all the sections of the CLAT exam, these questions have been handpicked by our faculty based on the latest CLAT exam pattern.
Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
How does the finance minister interact with the governor? The answer is, it depends. Monetary policy is the core function assigned to the RBI. The issue of autonomy and accountability of the RBI becomes critical here. The RBI is a lender of last resort to the financial system as a whole, and is therefore, responsible for the financial stability of the system also. While the RBI is the first line of defence in times of stress, the sovereign assumes the big risks in times of crisis. The RBI act also specifies that the RBI is the banker to the government and its debt manager.
The Banking Regulation Act that came later, assigned functions of regulation to the RBI. In the Indian context, public sector banks account for a majority of the banking system and the government is the majority owner of the public sector banks. Even more interestingly, the government is also the owner of the RBI itself. This means that the government — as the RBI owner — regulates itself — as the owner of public sector banks. In a convoluted maze of ownership, accountability and autonomy, the RBI must regulate the entity that is owned by the government, and is accountable to the owner of the regulated entity.
If that were not complex enough, the Foreign Exchange Management Act is a separate act that empowers the RBI to manage the external sector, while the forex reserves are on the balance sheet of the RBI. But since the interactions are with the external world, it is impossible for the RBI to work without the close cooperation of the government.
In many developing countries, the central bank is a repository of expertise related to money and finance. India is no exception. Governments tend to draw heavily from this expertise; making the RBI an advisor to the government. RBI’s responsibilities include the payment and settlement system, distribution of coins and management of currency. It functions as a banker, debt manager, and advisor to State governments. For these reasons, the relationship between the RBI and the government is multifaceted, dizzyingly complex, and sometimes circular.
Also, personalities of the governor and finance minister matter. In the case of Chidambaram and I, both were known to go into excruciating detail (sometimes excruciating to each other) and we had a reputation (entirely well-earned) of being stubborn. In this spicy mix, we also had a PM who was both a former RBI governor and a former finance minister and knew the tricks of the trade of both sides. I sometimes wondered if the PM would have a quiet chuckle to himself while observing the back and forth between Chidambaram and me.
Current Affairs and General Knowledge
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
India has recorded a trade deficit, the difference between imports and exports, with most of its top 10 trading partners, including China, Russia, Singapore, and Korea, in 2023-24, according to official data.
The data also showed that the deficit with China, Russia, Korea, and Hong Kong increased in the last fiscal compared to 2022-23, while the trade gap with the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Indonesia, and Iraq narrowed.
The trade deficit with China rose to $85 billion, Russia to $57.2 billion, Korea to $14.71 billion and Hong Kong to $12.2 billion in 2023-24 against $83.2 billion, $43 billion, $14.57 billion and $8.38 billion, respectively, in 2022-23.
Legal Reasoning
Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.
The most famous type of conspiracy is criminal conspiracy. Generally, the act of Criminal Conspiracy is defined as ‘Two, or more than two people agreeing to do an illegal act or offense together’.
In India, historically the act of conspiracy was considered as a civil wrong but later on, it was brought under the purview of the Indian Penal Code. In the amendment to the Indian Penal Code, 1860, in the year 1913, Sections 120A and 120B were added to include the act of conspiracy as a criminal offence. Section 120A of the IPC states the definition of a criminal conspiracy. It states that when two or more than two people are involved and agree upon to do an illegal act or to do such an act which is legal by illegal means, i.e the legality of the means is the main issue are said to be involved in a criminal conspiracy.
While Section 120B of the IPC defines and establishes the punishments to be inflicted for the act of conspiracy. It states that: Persons who are involved in the conspiracy of such an act, which amounts to the punishment of a death sentence or life imprisonment, then the punishment for such an act of conspiracy would be given according to the punishment for abetment of the same act. Except for the aforesaid acts of conspiracy, every other act of conspiracy would be punishable for an imprisonment term of 6 months or fine or both.
There exist essential ingredients for an act to constitute Criminal Conspiracy. Firstly, the same should take place for an illegal end to be accomplished. There should be concrete planning for accomplishing that object. The conspirators shall make an agreement to cooperate with each other. However, one must not confuse between the degree of the conspiracy of an act and committing the act itself.
In the case of Leo Roy Frey v. Suppdt. Distt. Jail this distinction was clearly explained and defined, wherein court observed that ‘The act of conspiring for a crime is totally different than committing the offense itself because the phase of conspiracy comes before the phase of committing a crime. The commission of conspiracy is completed before the crime is commissioned. That’s why it should be treated differently as a distinct crime.
Another essential of conspiracy under torts is that some overt act must be done by the defendants which causes harm to some other person. It is not necessary that the whole conspiracy must be carried out in the form of action. A single step towards the commission of the conspiracy may amount to the offence. For the overt act to be considered as essential, it is necessary that one of the contributors have acted for the fulfillment of the intention behind the conspiracy.
[Extracted with edits and revision, from Conspiracy Under Torts, blog by ipleaders]
Logical Reasoning
Directions:Â Read the passage and answer the following question.
At the second edition of “World Food India 2023,” held at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the remarkable ascent of India’s food processing industry, now recognized as a “sunrise sector.” This event, inaugurated by Modi, marked a significant milestone, underscoring the country’s diverse culinary heritage as a lucrative opportunity for global investors.
Over the past nine years, the food processing sector in India has seen a substantial influx of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), amounting to approximately ₹50,000 crore. This surge is attributed to the government’s policies, which are both industry and farmer-friendly. Modi emphasized the need for industry stakeholders to innovate in reducing post-harvest losses and to adopt sustainable packaging methods.
The Prime Minister pointed out that the government’s investor-friendly policies have propelled the food sector to new heights. Notably, India’s food processing capacity has expanded dramatically, leading to a 150% increase in the export of processed foods. The sector’s capacity has escalated from a modest 12 lakh tonnes to an impressive 200 lakh tonnes. India now ranks seventh globally, with an export value exceeding 50,000 million USD in agricultural produce.
Modi also mentioned the significant investments made in post-crop harvest infrastructure projects under the central Agri Infra Fund scheme. He highlighted several government initiatives, including the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and the establishment of mega food parks, which have significantly contributed to the development of the food processing sector.
The Prime Minister acknowledged the pivotal role of Indian women in strengthening the food processing industry, citing their inherent capabilities. He also advocated for the inclusion of millets in the public distribution system, drawing parallels between the global acceptance of Yoga and the potential international recognition of millets. The United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, aligning with India’s initiative to promote awareness of these grains.
During the event, Modi disbursed seed capital assistance to over one lakh self-help groups and inaugurated a “food street.” The “World Food India 2023” event, also attended by Union Minister Piyush Goyal, aims to position India as the world’s food basket and celebrate the International Year of Millets. The event, which was first held in 2017 but postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, saw participation from over 80 countries, 200 speakers, and 12 partner ministries, departments, and commodity boards. The event concluded on November 5 with the presence of President Droupadi Murmu.
Quantitative Techniques
Directions:Â Read the passage and answer the following question.
In an organization, the total number of employees working in various Departments viz. IT, Marketing, Purchase, HR, Accounts and Production are 4,500. The information regarding department wise percentage of employees was collected and also record about gender ratio of employees was prepared. 18 percent of total number of employees work in IT department and ratio of males to females in IT department is 2: 1. In Marketing, ratio of males to females is 2 : 3 and number of employees engaged in marketing is 20% of the total employment. 12% of the total numbers of workers are running the HR department and the ratio of males to females in this department is 5: 1. The fraction of male to females in production department is 3: 2 and total number of persons employed in this department is 15% of the total workforce. The number of persons occupied in purchase and accounts department is 24% and 11% respectively of the total number of workers. Gender Ratio (Ratio of males to females) in Purchase department is 1 : 1 and in Accounts is 1:2.