AGRICULTURE

Unit-1:

Agrometeorology: Elements of Weather-rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind velocity, Sunshine, weather forecasting, climate change in relation to crop production.

Genetics & Plant Breeding :
(a) Cell and its structure, cell division-mitosis, and meiosis, and their significance
(b) Organisation of the genetic materials in chromosomes, DNA, and RNA

(c) Mendel’s laws
of inheritance. Reasons for the success of Mendel in his experiments, Absence of linkage in Mendel’s experiments.

(d) Quantitative inheritance, continuous and discontinuous variation
in plants.

(e) Monogenic and polygenic inheritance.

(f) Role of Genetics in Plant breeding,
self and cross-pollinated crops, methods of breeding in field crops-introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and polyploidy, tissue and cell culture.

(g) Plant Biotechnologydefinition and scope in crop production.
Biochemistry: pH and buffers, Classification and nomenclature of carbohydrates; proteins; lipids; vitamins and enzymes.
Microbiology: Microbial cell structure, Micro-organisms- Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Protozoa and Viruses. Role of micro-organisms in respiration, fermentation, and organic matter decomposition.

Unit-2

Livestock Production-
Scope and importance :

(a) Importance of livestock in agriculture and industry, White revolution in
India.

(b)Important breeds Indian and exotic, distribution of cows, buffaloes, and poultry in India.

Care and management :

(a) Systems of cattle and poultry housing

(b) Principles of feeding, feeding practices.
(c) Balanced ration-definition and ingredients.

(d) Management of calves, bullocks, pregnant and milch animals as well as chicks cockerels and layers, poultry.

(e) Signs of sick animals, symptoms of common diseases in cattle and poultry, Rinderpest, black quarter, foot and mouth, mastitis and hemorrhagic septicae miacoccidiosis, Fowlpox and Ranikhet disease, their prevention and control.

Artificial Insemination: Reproductive organs, collection, dilution and preservation of semen and artificial insemination, the role of artificial insemination in cattle improvement.

Livestock Products: Processing and marketing of milk and milk products.

Unit-3

Crop Production
Introduction :

(a) Targets and achievements in foodgrain production in India since
independence and its future projections, sustainable crop production, commercialization
of agriculture, and its scope in India.

(b) Classification of field crops based on their
utility-cereals, pulses, oils seeds, fiber, sugar, and forage crops.

Soil, Soil fertility, Fertilizers, and Manures:

(a) Soil, soil pH, soil texture, soil
structure, soil organisms, soil tilth, soil fertility, and soil health.

(b) Essential plant nutrients, their functions, and deficiency symptoms.

(c) Soil types of India and their
characteristics.

(d) Organic manure, common fertilizers including straight, complex,
fertilizer mixtures and biofertilizers; integrated nutrient management system.

Irrigation and Drainage:

(a) Sources of irrigation (rain, canals, tanks, rivers, wells, tubewells).

(b) Scheduling of irrigation based on critical stages of growth, time interval,
soil moisture content, and weather parameters.

(c) Water requirement of crops.

(d) Methods of irrigation and drainage.

(e) Watershed management

Weed Control: Principles of weed control, methods of weed control (cultural,
mechanical, chemical, biological, and Integrated weed management).
Crops: Seedbed preparation, seed treatment, time and method of sowing/planting,
seed rate; dose, method, and time of fertilizer application, irrigation, inter-culture and
weed control; common pests and diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi virus, and nematode
and their control, integrated pest management, harvesting, threshing, post-harvest
technology: storage, processing, and marketing of major field crops-Rice, wheat, maize,
sorghum, pearl millet, groundnut, mustard, pigeon-pea, gram, sugarcane, cotton and
berseem.

Unit-4

Horticulture
(a) Importance of fruits and vegetables in the human diet, Crop diversification & processing
Industry.

(b) Orchard- location and layout, ornamental gardening, and kitchen
garden.

(c) Planting system, training, pruning, intercropping, protection from frost
and sunburn.

(d) Trees, shrubs, climbers, annuals, perennials-definition and
examples. Propagation by seed, cutting, budding, layering and grafting.

(e) Cultivation practices, processing and marketing of:

(i) Fruits – mango, papaya, banana, guava, citrus, grapes.

(ii) Vegetables – Radish, carrot, potato, onion, cauliflower, brinjal, tomato, spinach and cabbage.

(iii) Flowers – Gladiolus, canna, chrysanthemums, roses and marigold.

(f) Principles and methods of fruit and vegetable preservation.

(g) Preparation of jellies, jams, ketchup, chips and their packing.

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